Lastnosti listov tujerodnih vzpenjavk oljne bučke in navadne vinike in njun vpliv na domorodne vrbe

Piberčnik, Mateja (author), Gaberščik, Alenka (mentor)

V magistrskem delu sta predstavljeni tujerodni vzpenjavki oljna bučka – Echinocystis lobata in navadna vinika – Parthenocissus quniquefolia agg. Rastlini opazimo v obrežnih pasovih, kjer se zelo hitro razraščata in s tem omejujeta rast domorodnim rastlinam. Na podlagi literature so opredeljene značilnosti tujerodnih invazivnih vrst in domorodnih vrst rastlin. Raziskave so potekale v obrežem pasu reke Krke. V magistrski nalogi smo primerjali vzpenjavki glede na njun vpliv na fizično okolje, v katerem rasteta. Preučili smo morfologijo listov, biokemijske in optične lastnosti obeh invazivnih vrst kot tudi domorodnih vrsti Salix caprea in Salix fragilis, ki služita kot gostitelja. Meritve so potekale na desetih lokacijah, kjer sta invazivni vrsti prisotni, in tam, kjer ju ni bilo. Predstavljene so tudi opravljene meritve: temperatura zraka in tal, vlažnost zraka in tal, sevanje zunaj ter znotraj sestoja vegetacije in fotokemična učinkovitost fotosistema II (FSⅡ). Vzpenjavki sta vplivali na spremenjeno sevanje v okolju njenih gostiteljic, nista pa vplivali na biokemijsko zgradbo listov vrb. Obe vzpenjavki sta imeli višjo specifično listno površino (SLA) in nižjo gostoto listnega tkiva v primerjavi z vrbama, hkrati pa so listi navadne vinike debelejši od listov oljne bučke. Optične lastnosti se močno razlikujejo med navadno viniko in oljno bučko ter domorodnimi vrstami vrb v določenih predelih spektrov. V primerjavi z vrbami vzpenjavke odbijajo manj svetlobe v UV spektru in več v zelenem spektru. Redundančna analiza odbojnih spektrov je pokazala, da biokemijski parametri, klorofil a, antocianini in UV-B- in UV-A absorbirajoče snovi pojasnijo 45 % variabilnosti odbojnih spektrov. Analiza z morfološkimi parametri je pokazala, da SLA, debelina listov in kutikule pojasnijo skupaj 43 % variabilnosti odbojnih spektrov. Redundančna analiza za razlago variabilnost presevnosti listov je pokazala, da UV-B in UV-A absorbirajoče snovi, karotenoidi in antocianini razložijo 53 % njihove variabilnosti. Analiza z morfološkimi parametri pa je pokazala, da je SLA pojasnila 51 % variabilnosti spektrov. Raziskave kažejo, da se listi tujerodnih ovijalk razlikujejo med seboj in od gostiteljev po njihovem spektralnem podpisu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: oljna bučka
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121879
• COBISS.SI-ID: 35470851
• Publication date in RUL: 10.11.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Characteristics of the leaves of invasive climbing vines of Echinocystis lobata and Parthenocissius quinquefolia agg. and their effect on native willows

Abstract

The master thesis presents non-native vines, Echinocystis lobata and Parthenocissus quniquefolia agg. that colonise riparian zones spreading over native vegetation. Based on the literature data, the characteristics of invasive alien and native plant species are defined. The research took place in the riparian zone of the Krka River. We compared the vines according to their impact on the physical environment in which they grow. We examined leaf morphology, biochemical, and optical properties of both invasive species as well as of the native host species Salix caprea and Salix fragilis. Measurements were performed at ten locations where invasive species were present and at ten locations without these alien species. We also performed measurements of environmental parameters namely air and soil temperature, air and soil humidity, radiation outside and inside the vegetation stand and in addition photochemical efficiency of FSⅡ in plant leaves. The vines altered the radiation environment of its hosts, but did not affect the biochemical structure of willow leaves. Both vines had a higher specific leaf area (SLA) and a lower leaf tissue density compared to willows, and at the same time, the leaves of the P. quniquefolia were thicker than the leaves of the E. lobata. Optical properties varied markedly between vines and comparing vines and native willow in certain regions of the spectrum. Compared to willows, vines reflected less light in the UV spectrum and more in the green spectrum. The redundancy analysis revealed that biochemical parameters namely, chlorophyll a, anthocyanins, and UV-B– and UV-A–absorbing compounds explained 45 %, while the analysis with morphological parameters showed that SLA, leaf and upper cuticle thickness explained 43 % of the reflectance spectra variability. When redundancy analysis was run to explain the variability of leaf transmittance, UV-B– and UV-A–absorbing compounds, carotenoids, and anthocyanins explained 53 %. The analysis with morphological parameters showed that SLA explained 51 % of spectra variability. Data shows that alien vines could be discerned from each other and their hosts by their spectral signatures.

• Keywords: Echinocystis lobata