Otroški likovni razvoj pod drobnogledom

Mihelič, Gašper (author), Tomšič Amon, Bea (mentor)

Otroška risba ni bila od nekdaj predmet raziskav niti se ji ni namenjalo pozornosti. Veliko odraslih ob misli na likovno ustvarjanje otrok pomisli na otroke z barvnimi predpasniki in rokami, pobarvanimi do komolcev, risanje po stenah, roke, namočene v barvo, in podobno. Preden so se zares začeli ukvarjati s samim likovnim razvojem, je bila otroška risba ali slika namenjena predvsem psihološkim raziskavam, saj nam otroška risba preko psihološke plati razkriva otrokovo osebnost, risba namreč vsebuje neverbalne namige in simbolna sporočila o otrokovi motivaciji, zanimanjih, skrbeh, željah, strahovih in podobnem. Likovni razvoj se prične z igro, ko otrok ugotovi, da določen predmet za seboj pušča sled, in to ga neznansko zabava. Otroci v zgodnjih fazah razvoja predstavljajo svoja doživljanja, v kasnejših pa razumevanje o videzu stvari v svoji okolici. Takrat se spoprimejo z ustvarjanjem resničnih podob iz svoje okolice, poskušajo ustvarjati globino, prostor prikazati v treh dimenzijah in s čim več podrobnostmi prikazati resnično sliko. Pri tem so dostikrat kritični do sebe in ko vidijo vse več neskladij z resničnostjo, velikokrat pride do opustitve likovnega izražanja. Naša raziskava je pod drobnogled vzela štiri različno stare otroke, in sicer med drugim in desetim letom starosti, saj je tudi likovni razvoj v splošnem takrat najbolj intenziven. Raziskava je temeljila na kvalitativnem pristopu. Dobljeni rezultati so bili izjemni, saj smo v štirinajstih tednih pri vseh otrocih brez izjeme opazili napredek v likovnemu razvoju. Napredek je bil opazen pri upodabljanju oseb, predmetov, rastlin, zunanjega prostora, zavedanju globine, ustvarjanju tridimenzionalnega prostora, risanju iz profila, risanju podrobnosti in podobnem. Raziskava je tudi prikaz tega, da je sicer likovno izražanje naravna danost, a jo je mogoče spodbuditi, razvijati, da ne bi prišlo do prezgodnje opustitve likovnega ustvarjanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Otroška risba
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121497
• COBISS.SI-ID: 28292867
• Publication date in RUL: 15.10.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: In-depth consideration of artistic development of children

Abstract

Child's drawing has never been a subject of research nor it has been given attention. When adults think of children’s art they imagine children in colorful aprons and arms painted up to elbows, painted walls, palms soaked in paint. Before experts started dealing with children’s art, child’s drawing and painting were mainly used for psychological research. Child’s drawing reveals psychological side of his personality. Drawing includes non-verbal hints and symbolic messages about his motivation, interests, worries, desires and fears. Art development starts with play when a child finds out that a certain object leaves trace and that amuses him enormously. In the early stages of the development children present their experiences and later their understanding of the appearance of things in their surroundings. This is when they deal with creating realistic images from their surroundings. They try to create depth, display space in three dimensions and preset detailed realistic images. By doing this they are often self-critical and when they notice incompatibility with reality they often abandon artistic expression. Our research took four children, aged between two and ten, under scrutiny as art development is the most intense during this age period. The research was based on qualitative approach. The results were amazing as all the children have progressed in art development in fourteen weeks. The progress was noticeable in drawing people, objects, plants, outer space, awareness of depth, creating three-dimensional space, drawing from profile, drawing details. The research demonstrates that art expression is a natural gift, but it can be encouraged and developed in order to prevent the premature abandonment of artistic creation.

• Keywords: Child's drawing