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Mikrobiološka analiza toče
ID Kozjek, Marko (Author), ID Butala, Matej (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Kovač Viršek, Manca (Co-mentor)

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Abstract
Kljub temu, da je toča pogost pojav v svetu in Sloveniji, je v dostopni literaturi ta pojav slabo opisan. V nalogi vzorčena toča premera 10-12 cm je izjemno redka in je tudi rekordna velikost toče, ki je dosedaj padla na področju Slovenije. Namen naloge je bila identifikacija abiotskih in biotskih dejavnikov, ki bi lahko povzročili nastanek nukleacijskih jeder toče. Z metagenomsko analizo bakterijskih vrst v toči z metodo visokozmogljivega sekvenciranja več regij gena za 16S rRNA smo dokazali izjemno pestrost in raznolikost bakterijskih vrst v toči. Bakterije se uvrščajo v 25 debel, 44 razredov, 88 redov, 231 družin, 315 rodov in 505 vrstam. Večina teh bakterij naseljuje prst, sledijo vodna okolja in rastlinski material. Del bakterij predstavljajo tudi rastlinski simbionti in rastlinski patogeni. Poleg bakterij smo v toči z vrstično elektronsko mikroskopijo videli različne glivne spore, diatomeje in rastlinski pelod. V toči smo kot prvi odkrili tudi mikroplastiko. S pomočjo mikro-FTIR in ramanske spektroskopije smo identificirali tipe plastike. V volumnu enega zrna toče je bilo preko 450 vlaken, 43 obarvanih. Večina plastičnih vlaken je bila v sredici zrna toče, kar dokazuje vnos mikroplastike v točo že visoko v ozračju. Dodatno smo odkrili še večje število mineralnih delcev, najverjetneje puščavskega peska.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:mikrobiologija okolja, toča, biotski dejavniki, abiotski dejavniki, metagenomska analiza, mikroplastika, spektroskopija, elektronska mikroskopija, nukleacijska jedra
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:[M. Kozjek]
Year:2020
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-121316 This link opens in a new window
UDC:579.26:551.578.7(497.4):543.424.2
COBISS.SI-ID:32586755 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:04.10.2020
Views:1563
Downloads:227
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Microbiological analysis of hailstones
Abstract:
Hail is a common phenomenon in the world and in Slovenia, however it is poorly described in the literature. The hailstones sampled in this study were 10-12 cm in diameter, representing extremely rare samples due to the record size, never before reported in Slovenia. The goal of our research was to identify abiotic and biotic factors that could act as ice nucleation in hailstone formation. With metagenomic analysis of hail using the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing we identified a high diversity of bacteria in the hailstone. Bacteria belong to 25 phyla, 44 classes, 88 orders, 231 families, 315 genera and 505 species. The vast majority of these isolates are frequent in soil, followed by aquatic environments and plant material. We also identified some plant symbionts and plant pathogenic species. Using scanning electron microscopy we additionally observed various fungal spores, diatoms and pollen. Analysis of the hail content resulted in the first report of microplastic fibers. Micro-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were used for the characterisation of the microplastic. In the total volume of hail stone, over 450 microplastic fibers, 43 coloured, were quantified. Most fibers were in the interior of the hailstone, strongly impliying their incorporation at high altitudes of the atmosphere. In addition we detected also a high amount of mineral particles, probably desert sand.

Keywords:environmental microbiology, hail, biotic elements, abiotic elements, metagenome analysis, microplastic, spectroscopy, electron microscopy, ice nucleation

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