Podpora novorojenčku v domačem okolju pri izločanju in odvajanju : magistrsko delo

Zagoričnik, Anja (author), Čehovin Zajc, Jožica (mentor), Milavec Kapun, Marija (comentor), Domajnko, Barbara (reviewer)

Uvod: Izločanje in odvajanje sta temeljni fiziološki aktivnosti, ki prispevata k vzdrževanju zdravja človeka, že od obdobja novorojenčka. Metoda komunikacije izločanja je ena izmed možnosti, ki omogočajo drugačen pristop k previjanju. Namen je izvesti tečaj o metodi komunikacije izločanja za nosečnice zadnjega tromesečja, oceniti uspešnost izvajanja metode komunikacije izločanja in poglobljeno raziskati doživljanje staršev pri izvajanju metode komunikacije izločanja v domačem okolju med puerperijem. Metode dela so eksperimentalne z akcijskim raziskovanjem – izvedli smo pilotno študijo (tečaj o metodi komunikacije izločanja) in kvalitativno analizo vsebine izvedenih polstrukturiranih intervjujev z 11imi udeleženkami tečaja. Intervjuje smo kodirali s programom NVIVO in pri tem oblikovali dve glavni temi: sodelovanje v tečaju o metodi komunikacije izločanja in spoznavanje metode komunikacije izločanja. Rezultati: Metodo komunikacije izločanja je uspešno udejanjalo osem intervjuvanih udeleženk. Glavni dejavniki uspešnosti so bili vztrajnost, zgled in motiviranost za nadaljevanje, dejavniki neuspešnosti pa neizvedba celotnega procesa, neznanje in težave z dojenjem. Intervjuvane udeleženke so bile s prakso metode komunikacije izločanja zelo zadovoljne. Ugotovili smo, da obstajajo štirje načini zaznavanja dojenčkove potrebe po izločanju in odvajanju: glasovni in gibalni znaki, pogosti časovni okvirji, otroku lasten ritem in notranji občutek staršev. Glavne prednosti prakticiranja metode komunikacije izločanja so alternativni pristop k previjanju, globlja povezanost z otrokom, praktičnost in učinkovita preventiva ter intervenacija pri pojavu infantilnih kolik. Glavni slabosti sta začeten vložek časa, znanja in energije ter nepraktičnost izvajanja metode komunikacije izločanja izven domačega okolja. Intervjuvane udeleženke metodo komunikacije izločanja priporočajo vsem staršem kot dodatno možnost in ne kot obveznost. Razprava in zaključek: Omenjena metoda se je pri intervjuvanih udeleženkah, ki so bile zdrave in brez zapletov v puerperiju, izkazala za uspešno alternativo klasičnemu negovanju dojenčkov, saj je veliko več kot le način negovanja; je način življenja, vzgajanja in razmišljanja, ki glede na rezultate naše kvalitativne raziskave prinaša zadovoljstvo cele družine. Z raziskavo so nastale uporabne strokovne vsebine o metodi KI, podajamo tudi predloge za nadgradnjo vsebin tečaja. Zaključujemo, da bi bilo vsebine tečaja metode KI smiselno uvesti v šole za starše na primarnem nivoju zdravstvene oskrbe nosečnic.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: magistrska dela, zdravstvena nega, metoda komunikacije izločanja, puerperij, evalvacija spletnega tečaja, analiza vsebine, poglobljeni intervjuji, kolike
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Zagoričnik Jarm]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 97 str., [68] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121308
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 31102979
• Publication date in RUL: 03.10.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Support at eliminating body waste for newborn in home environment : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Excretion of body waste is a fundamental physiological activity contributing to maintaining human health, even for newborn. The method of elimination communication is an option that allows a different approach to conventional diapering. The purpose is to conduct a course on this method for pregnant women in the last trimester, to evaluate the success for the implementation of the method and to research the experience of parents. The methods are experimental with action research – a pilot study was conducted (a course on the method) and a qualitative content analysis of the conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 participants. The interviews were coded with the NVIVO program, creating two main themes: Course Participation and Learning about the Method of Elimination Communication. Results: The method was successfully implemented by eight interviewed participants. The main success factors were perseverance, doing by example, satisfaction and the motivation to continue. The failure factors were terminating the process prematurely, a lack of knowledge, and breastfeeding difficulties. We found four ways of identifying the baby’s need for excretion: vocal and motor signs, generic timing, baby’s circadian rhythm, and the parent’s instincts. The main advantages of practicing the method are an alternative approach to diapering, a deeper connection with the infant, the practicality of the method and an effective prevention and intervention for infantile colics. The main disadvantages are the initial investment of time, knowledge, and energy, and the impracticality outside of the home environment. The interviewed participants recommend the method to all parents, but as an additional option to parenting and not an obligation. Discussion and conclusion: The method has been shown to be a successful alternative to the conventional infant care for the interviewed participants, who were healthy and without complications in puerperium because it is much more than just a method of care; it is a way of life that brings satisfaction for the whole family. The research created useful professional content and suggestions for upgrading the course content were also given. It would be sensible to implement the contents of the course in pregnancy school at the primary level of health care in Slovenia.

• Keywords: master theses, nursing care, method of elimination communication, puerperium, content evaluation, interviews, infantile colics