Participacija otrok - naša niša je postala mavrično gnezdo

Rahija, Nina (avtor), Turnšek, Nada (mentor)

V diplomskem delu je v teoretičnem delu najprej opredeljeno kdo je otrok in kako se je njegova vloga v vzgoji in socializaciji spreminjala skozi zgodovino vse do danes. Predstavljena sta tudi dva modela, deterministični in konstruktivistični, ki zajemata dojemanje vloge otroka pri vzgoji in socializaciji, in pa koncepti (kompetenten otrok, dejavno državljanstvo, akcijska kompetentnost, soudeleženost otrok v vsakdanjem življenju), na katerih temelji novo ali sodobno razumevanje otroštva. Ker govorimo o participaciji otrok, sem raziskala, kako je ta opredeljena v dokumentih, ki zajemajo predšolsko vzgojo. Koncept participacije je bil najprej zasnovan na konceptu Reggio Emilia in predstavlja eno izmed temeljnih izhodišč tega koncepta. Tega sem želela podrobneje predstaviti in ga približati bralcu. V nadaljevanju je opisana tudi pedagogika poslušanja in pogled na otroka kot kompetentnega odraslemu in njegova vloga v vrtcih, ki temeljijo na konceptu Reggio Emilia. Ker se koncept participacije udejanja predvsem z aktivnim učenjem otrok in njihovim dejavnim državljanstvom, sem predstavila tudi ta koncepta. V nadaljevanju sem povzela rezultate raziskav, ki kažejo, kako je v slovenskih vrtcih udejanjena participacija oziroma kakšna stališča imajo vzgojiteljice do participacije. Ker pa moj empirični del sloni na metodičnem pristopu, ki zajema proces reševanja problemov odprtega tipa, sem naveden pristop v teoretičnem delu tudi najprej opisala. V empiričnem delu je predstavljena izvedba projekta, ki temelji na participaciji otrok v procesu reševanja problemov odprtega tipa. Otrokom sem zastavila problem uporabe niše v igralnici za različne namene – tako igre kot dejavnosti. Podrobneje so opisane posamezne dejavnosti projekta Participacija otrok – naša niša je postala Mavrično gnezdo, ki so jim dodane evalvacije. V zadnjem delu diplomskega dela pa je zapisana evalvacija projekta glede na odgovore na postavljena raziskovalna vprašanja na začetku projekta. Obe z vzgojiteljico sva opazili, da je celoten projekt močno vplival na življenje v naši skupini. Otroci so skozi projekt »oživeli«. Otroci, ki prej niso v tolikšni meri sodelovali pri podajanju idej, sedaj večkrat posežejo po igri v Mavričnem gnezdu ali pa to preprosto uporabijo za umik oziroma zasebnost.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: predšolski otrok
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120855
• COBISS.SI-ID: 29788163
• Datum objave v RUL: 29.09.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Children's participation – our niche has turned into a rainbow nest

Izvleček

In the diploma work, the theoretical part defines who a child is and how his role in education and socialization has changed throughout history until today. Two models are presented, deterministic and constructivist, which include the perception of the child's role in education and socialization and the concepts (competent child, active citizenship, action competence, participation of children in everyday life) on which a modern understanding of childhood is based. Since we are talking about children's participation, I researched how children’s participation is defined in documents covering pre-school education. The concept of participation is originally based on the concept of Reggio Emilia and represents one of the fundamental starting points of this concept. I wanted to present this in more detail and bring it closer to the reader. I further on describe the pedagogy of listening and looking at a child as a competent adult and his role in kindergartens based on the Reggio Emilia concept. Since the concept of participation is realized mainly through the active learning of children and thus their active citizenship, I also presented these two concepts. In the following, I summarized the results of research that show how participation is implemented in our Slovenian kindergartens and what attitudes teachers have towards participation. However, since my empirical part is based on a methodical approach, which includes the process of solving open-ended problems, I described this approach in the theoretical part. The empirical part presents the implementation of the project, which is based on the participation of children in the process of solving open ended problems. I posed the children the problem of using a niche in the playroom for a variety of purposes, both games and activities. I described in more detail the individual activities of the Children's Participation project - our niche has become the Rainbow Nest, I have also added evaluations of it. In the last part of the diploma work, the evaluation of the project is written through the answers to the research questions I asked myself at the beginning of the project. Both the teacher and I noticed that the whole project had a strong impact on life in our group. The children were "revived" through the project. Children who did not participate to such an extent in presenting ideas now often resort to the game in the Rainbow Nest or simply use it for withdrawal or privacy.

• Ključne besede: preschool child