The diploma thesis thoroughly presents the Incoterms clauses which have been created to prevent misunderstandings regarding the responsibility provisions in a sale and purchase agreement. Incoterms clauses are international commercial clauses used in sale and purchase agreements for specific transports, and lay down the transfer of responsibility for the costs and risks between the seller and the buyer. The thesis also describes the history of the clauses; presents the proper formulation of the clauses and the use of the clauses; it also gives a detailed description of all 11 clauses introduced in 2020, the responsibilities of the seller and the buyer for each clause, and describes the differences between the Incoterms 2010 clauses and the new Incoterms 2020.
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