The diploma thesis analyses modern manifestations of shamanism. These are compared to the standard features of shamanism. The forms of traditional shamanism and their characteristics and new religious movements that can be placed in the field of shamanism are presented. Shamanism is a culturally and socially conditioned spiritual practice with a long tradition. Due to its complexity, history, and various practices, it is difficult to define with a single definition. The diploma thesis deals with the four main spheres of modern shamanism: neo-shamanism, urban shamanism, techno-shamanism, and cybershamanism. Neo-shamanism is mainly based on the aspect of alternative healing and the spiritual teacher, while the urban shaman is considered a connoisseur of more in-depth knowledge or an intellectual who confronts society with truths. Techno-shamanism is related to electronic music, and cybershamanism is the transformation of neo-shamanic practice into the context of digital culture. They differ from traditional shamanism in different segments and the most pronounced difference is that modern forms work on a more individual level. A review of recent literature, comprising mainly scientific articles, shows that interest in the shamanic tradition, culture, and spiritual practice is still a popular field of human search and experience. Many people strive for self-spirituality and self-realization. To achieve this, they attend various spiritual practices, workshops, and seminars. The practical section presents two websites of spiritual teachers that are very popular, which confirms the importance and social inclusion of modern manifestations of new religious movements. The popularity of modern spirituality among the population is growing. However, precisely because of its popularity and growing presence in society, it can quickly move away from its traditional elements and lead to misinterpretations.
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