Ocena možnosti biogeomonitoringa na šotnih barjih Pokljuke in Pohorja

Macut, Mateja (author), Zupančič, Nina (mentor)

Gorstva so občutljivi ekosistemi, dovzetni za onesnaženje. Visoka (ombrotrofna) šotna barja kot ranljivi ekosistemi posebnega pomena omogočajo kombinacijo biogeomonitoringa. Mahovi dobivajo hranila iz padavin in zato kopičijo kovine iz zraka. Šotna barja na Pokljuki so razvita na karbonatni podlagi, medtem ko so visoka barja na Pohorju nastala na granodioritu. Vzorce mahov rodu Sphagnum smo vzeli na petih lokacijah, in sicer na barjih Goreljek, Šijec in Veliko Blejsko barje na Pokljuki, ter na Črnem jezeru in Lovrenških jezerih na Pohorju. Želeli smo ugotoviti, ali kemična sestava mahov odraža vplive onesnaženja ozračja. Vsebnost prvin kaže veliko heterogenost tako znotraj posameznega barja, kot med njimi. Statistično značilne razlike med Pokljuko in Pohorjem kažejo Co, Mo, Na in P. Mediane vsebnosti potencialno strupenih prvin (PTE) v vseh analiziranih vzorcih so: 0,20 mg/kg As, 0,17 mg/kg Co, 3,76 mg/kg Cu, 2,55 mg/kg Cr, 0,80 mg/kg Ni, 3,35 mg/kg Pb ter 27,40 mg/kg Zn. Primerjava razmerij med medianami Pokljuke in Pohorja je pokazala, da so vsebnosti Ag, Al, Ba, Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Gd, Hg, La, Mg, Mo, Nd, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sm, Sr, U, V in Zn podobne na obeh lokacijah (razmerje median Pokljuka/Pohorje: 0,8 – 1,2), medtem ko je As, Au, Co, Na in Ni več na Pokljuki (razmerje median Pokljuka/Pohorje: 1,3 – 1,7), Ca, Cd, K, Mn, P, Sc in Ti na Pohorju (razmerje median Pokljuka/Pohorje: 0,8 in manj). Na različne vsebnosti med lokacijami verjetno vpliva razlika v odprtosti, ki je boljša na Pohorju, ki je na vzhodu planote bolj izpostavljen zahodnim panonskim vetrovom. Več K na Pohorju lahko kaže na granodioritno podlago. Izmerjene mediane smo primerjali tudi na evropski ravni in ugotovili, da smo dobili precej višje vrednosti za As (1,9-krat), Cr (12-krat), Cu (1,7-krat), Pb (2,7-krat), V (3-krat) in Zn (1,4-krat). Analiza rentgenogramov je pokazala, da se v rastlinah pogosto kopiči kremenica, oziroma opal.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biogeomonitoring, mah, Sphagnum, šotno barje, onesnaženja zraka
• Work type: Final paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120624
• Publication date in RUL: 23.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Assessment of biogeomonitoring possibilities on the peat bogs of Pokljuka and Pohorje

Abstract

Mountains are sensitive ecosystems susceptible to pollution. Ombrotrophic peat bogs enable a combination of biogeomonitoring due to their vulnerability and great importance. Mosses easily accumulate metals from the air, which makes them useful for biogeomonitoring. Ombrotrophic peat bogs on Pokljuka developed on carbonates, whereas on Pohorje on granodiorites. Samples of genus Sphagnum were taken at five different locations, including peat bogs Goreljek, Šijec and Veliko Blejsko barje on Pokljuka and Črno jezero and Lovrenško jezero on Pohorje. Biogeomonitoring of mosses gave us the chemical composition of previously mentioned peat bogs. The results within the bogs were very heterogeneous, as well as in comparison to other bogs. Co, Mo, Na and P have shown statistically significant differences between Pokljuka and Pohorje. Medians of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on different locations were: 0,20 mg/kg As, 0,17 mg/kg Co, 3,76 mg/kg Cu, 2,55 mg/kg Cr, 0,80 mg/kg Ni, 3,35 mg/kg Pb and 27,40 mg/kg Zn. We also compared medians between Pokljuka and Pohorje, which gave us similar values for Ag, Al, Ba, Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Gd, Hg, La, Mg, Mo, Nd, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sm, Sr, U, V and Zn (ratio between medians Pokljuka/Pohorje: 0,8 – 1,2), whereas we got higher values of As, Au, Co, Na and Ni on Pokljuka (ratio between medians Pokljuka/Pohorje: 1,3 – 1,7) and higher values of Ca, Cd, K, Mn, P, Sc and Ti on Pohorje (ratio between medians Pokljuka/Pohorje: 0,8 and lower). Difference between the median values on Pokljuka and Pohorje is probably the consequence of the greater exposure to western Pannonian winds of the East Pohorje area. More K on Pohorje is probably the consequence of the granodioritic basis. We have also compared the medians with the results measured within Europe and came to a conclusion, that there are much higher values of As (1,9 fold higher), Cr (12 fold higer), Cu (1,7 fold higher), Pb (2,7 fold higher), V (3 fold higher) and Zn (1,4 fold higher) in Slovenia. Roentgenogram of the XRF analysis showed that mosses are mostly consisted of silica (opal).

• Keywords: biogeomonitoring, moss, Sphagnum, peat bog, air pollution