Pomen hotene mišične odpovedi pri vadbi proti uporu zdravih in poškodovanih ljudi - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Lesjak, Janja (author), Kacin, Alan (mentor), Vauhnik, Renata (reviewer)

Uvod: Vadba do mišične odpovedi vključuje vlaganje maksimalnega zavestnega truda in je povezana z večjim nelagodjem. Med dinamično vadbo je zmožnost za doseg hotene odpovedi na mišični ravni lahko odvisna od sposobnosti generiranja dovolj velikega znotrajmišičnega tlaka, da prekine krvni pretok v mišici. Osnovna predpostavka vadbe proti uporu do hotene odpovedi je optimiziranje izmenjujočega procesa poškodbe in popravljanja mišice, ki ga sprožimo z maksimalno aktivacijo motoričnih enot. Za optimalno pridobivanje mišične jakosti vadba do odpovedi ni nujno potrebna, saj odpoved zmanjša silo, ki jo mišica lahko ustvari. Katera oblika vadbe proti uporu (do hotene odpovedi ali brez nje) je bolj učinkovita, ni znano. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je z metodo pregleda objavljene znanstvene literature ugotoviti, ali je vadba proti uporu z manjšim uporom, ki se izvaja do hotene odpovedi, enako učinkovita kot vadba z velikim uporom. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo je bilo narejeno z metodo pregleda literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo s pomočjo dveh podatkovnih baz, PEDro in PubMed. Članki so bili iskani z angleškimi ključnimi besedami. V pregled literature so bile vključene raziskave v angleškem jeziku, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim kriterijem. Rezultati: V diplomsko delo je bilo vključenih devet raziskav. V vseh raziskavah so primerjali učinke vadbe proti uporu do hotene odpovedi in učinke vadbe proti uporu brez hotene odpovedi, ena raziskava pa je primerjala samo učinke vadbe proti uporu do hotene odpovedi. V spremembah mišične moči, jakosti, vzdržljivosti in mišične aktivnosti ni prišlo do statistično pomembnih razlik med skupinami v nobeni raziskavi. V eni raziskavi so poročali statistično pomembno razliko v spremembi koncentracije rastnega hormona med skupinami. V dveh raziskavah so poročali statistično pomembne razlike med skupinami v spremembah debeline mišice, koncentracije testosterona in koncentracije kortizola. Razprava in zaključek: Obe vrsti vadbe proti uporu sta primerni za pridobivanje mišične jakosti, moči, vzdržljivosti, mišične aktivnosti ter debeline mišice. Vadba proti uporu do hotene odpovedi je za marsikaterega pacienta neprijetna, medtem ko je vadba proti velikemu uporu brez hotene odpovedi bolj tvegana za nastanek poškodb pri izvajanju. V učinkih in učinkovitosti se obe obliki vadbe bistveno ne razlikujeta.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, vadba za mišično jakost, vadba proti uporu, ponovitve do odpovedi, hotena odpoved, izčrpanje, vadba proti uporu do hotene odpovedi, mišična hipertrofija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Lesjak ]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 30 str., [21] str. pril
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120583
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 29406467
• Publication date in RUL: 23.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The importance of volitional muscle failure in resistance training of healthy and injured people - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Resistance training going to muscular failure involves maximal willful effort and it is connected to bigger uneasiness. During dynamic training, the ability of reaching volitional failure depends on capability of creating greater intramuscular pressure to interrupt blood flow in the muscle. The basic assumption of resistance training going to volitional failure is optimizing the alternating process of injury and repair of the muscle, which we can trigger with maximal activation of motor units. Resistance training going to failure is namely not necessary for optimal gaining of muscular strength, because the failure reduces the force produced by the muscle. It is not known which resistance training (going to failure or not) is more efficient. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to compare if resistance training performed with lighter load and going to failure is equally efficient as resistance training performed with heavier load and not going to failure. Methods: Literature review was used as the method. We searched two data bases, PEDro and PubMed. Literature was searched with English key words. Articles included in the review were all written in English language and met the inclusion criteria. Results: Nine studies were included in the review. All studies compared the effects of resistance training going to failure and the effects of resistance training not going to failure, one study compared only the effects of resistance training going to failure. There were no statistically important changes in muscular power, strength, endurance and muscular activity between the groups in none of the studies. One study reported a statistically important difference in change of growth hormone concentration between the groups. Two studies reported statistically important differences in the change of muscle thickness, testosterone concentration and cortisol concentration. Discussion and conclusion: Both types of resistance training are suitable for gaining muscular strength, power, endurance, muscular activity and muscle thickness. Resistance training going to volitional failure is unpleasant for a lot of patients, while resistance training with heavy load and without volitional failure is riskier for causing injuries. Both types of resistance training do not differ significantly in effects and efficiency.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, strength training, resistance exercise, repetition to failure, volitional failure, fatigue, strength training to failure, muscle hypertrophy