Paleoclimatology is the study of climate in the distant past, when systematic meteorological measurements and observations had not yet been carried out. The aim is to find out when, how and why the climate has changed in the past. By knowing the climate in the past and the causes of changes, we can more accurately predict climate events in the future. Climate data can be divided into three categories: instrumental, historical and prehistoric. Instrumental climate data are those obtained with climate data recording devices. They are very accurate, but only available for last 300 years. Historical data come from written records before the invention of measuring devices and methods for climate observation such as official documents on yields and price movements, journals, letters and records on phenological observations. For the prehistoric period, however, we have no climatic data, so scientists use a variety of geological, glaciological, biological, and astronomical methods to collect the so-called proxy (alternate) data. Information on the past climate can be obtained from tree rings, lake or ocean sediments, isotopic analyzes of rocks and ice cores or speleothems studies. By analyzing these, we can obtain paleoclimatological data such as air and soil temperatures, solar radiation, precipitation, cloud cover, wind, soil and vegetation properties, volcanic eruptions with which we can reconstruct the past climate.
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