Model izkustvenega učenja o živalih, do katerih imamo pogosto predsodke

Kolar, Matjaž (author), Torkar, Gregor (mentor)

Nekatere živali, kot so kače, ščurki, podgane ipd., pri ljudeh pogosto vzbujajo nelagodje in strah. Tak odnos lahko izvira iz negativnih izkušenj z njimi, pogosto pa je neosnovan ter ne temelji na dejanski izkušnji, temveč izvira iz nepoznavanja in nerazumevanja živali. Zaradi takšnih predsodkov sem v diplomski nalogi preko dejavnosti v vrtcu preizkusil metodo približevanja živali otrokom skozi postopno spoznavanje – multisenzorno in raziskovalno – in na podlagi tega ugotavljal ali je z uporabo te metode mogoče omejiti ali celo odpraviti strah do določene živali. S pomočjo strokovne literature sem predstavil strah do živali, izkustveno učenje in vpliv pedagoškega kadra na otroka ter izsledke dosedanjih raziskav na področju približevanja živali tako otrokom kot tudi odraslim. Preveril sem, kako Kurikulum za vrtce opredeljuje naravoslovje in živali v vrtcu ter kaj so pokazale dosedanje raziskave o strokovnih delavkah in delavcih v vrtcih ter o njihovem pogledu na živali. Empirični del diplomske naloge sem izvedel po posebni metodologiji treh glavnih korakov: multisenzornega vidnega in tipnega ter raziskovalnega. V raziskavo sem vključil 6 skupin otrok starih 3–4 leta in 3 skupine otrok starih 4–5 let, skupno torej 164 otrok, ter strokovne delavke in delavce, ki delajo s temi skupinami. Ugotavljal sem, ali so otroci preko metode postopne predstavitve premagali strah do živali. Stopnjo negativnih občutij do živali sem meril z ocenjevalno lestvico in rezultate prikazal s preglednico; pri tem sem si pomagal tudi z video posnetki reakcij otrok. Po izvedenih dejavnostih sem s strokovnimi delavkami in delavci opravil kratke intervjuje ter skupaj z njimi pregledal posnetke in analiziral odzive otrok. Z diplomskim delom želim prikazati kako v vrtce vpeljati metodo postopne predstavitve živali, še posebej tistih, ki vzbujajo strah in nelagodje tako pri otrocih kot pri odraslih, in s tem prikazati model, s katerim je mogoče tovrsten strah in nelagodje zmanjšati ali celo odpraviti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: živali
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120382
• COBISS.SI-ID: 28780291
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Experimental learning model of the often prejudiced against animals

Abstract

Some animals, such as snakes, cockroaches, rats, etc. can often cause unease and fear in humans. This kind of reaction can originate from negative experience with these animals and is often groundless, because it is not based on actual experience but originates from the lack of knowledge and understanding of these animals. Due to such bias in this bachelor thesis I therefore tested the method of getting children closer to these animals by gradually introducing them – in a multisensory manner and with research – through activities in the kindergarten. Based on it, I was discovering whether this method can limit or even eliminate the fear of these animals. With the help of specialised literature, I introduced the fear of animals, experiential learning, the influence of the kindergarten staff on a child when learning about animals, and the results of already existing research in the field of getting children, as well as adults, closer to animals towards which we are often biased. I examined how the Kurikulum za vrtce defines natural sciences and animals in a kindergarten and what the existing researches show about kindergarten staff, and their view on animals. I executed the empirical part of the thesis using a special 3-step method: multisensory visual and tactical, and research. I included 6 groups of children aged 3-4 years and 3 groups of children aged 4-5 year into the research. Altogether there were 164 children and the staff, working with the groups. I was trying to discover whether children overcame their fear of animals with the help of gradual introduction. I measured the level of negative feelings with a grading scale and presented the results with a table; I used video recordings of the children's reactions as a helping tool. After the activities, I carried out short interviews with the staff and we watched and analysed the children's reactions together. With this thesis, I would like to show how to introduce kindergartens with a method of gradually introducing animals, especially those, which often cause fear and unease in children and adults, and to show a model which can be used to reduce that kind of fear and unease or even completely eliminate it.

• Keywords: animals