The aim of this thesis was to review the literature concerning the impact of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the embryo or fetus and on the infant during lactation. We were interested in the metabolism of alcohol during pregnancy, the transfer of alcohol through the placenta to the embryo or fetus and during lactation through human milk to the infant. Alcohol crosses the placenta through the mother's bloodstream and the concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream of the fetus is comparable to the mother's, which can cause negative effects on the development of the of the embryo's oz. fetus' nervous system. Alcohol is a known teratogen, the consumption of which during pregnancy causes several congenital problems in the child, called the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcohol is toxic and teratogenic in all stages of pregnancy and it is recommended to be avoided, as there is no known minimum safe amount of consumption as well as a safe period that would not leave lasting consequences on the health of the child. Breastfeeding is the most natural way of eating for good growth and development of a baby. If a mother consumes alcohol during lactation, it is excreted in the milk and reaches a similar concentration as in the mother's bloodstream. Drinking alcohol during lactation has a negative effect on the baby's sleep, development and behavior. In the reviewed literature, it is recommended for pregnant mothers to practice abstinence of alcohol consumption, while the recommendations on alcohol consumption during lactation slightly differ, but again, complete abstinence is the safest option.
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