Imunosupresivno delovanje virusa ošpic (Measles morbillivirus)

Bokalj, Bor (author), Narat, Mojca (mentor)

Virus ošpic povzroča nalezljivo otroško bolezen, ošpice, ki lahko poteka v blagi, hujši ali atipični obliki. Poleg zapletov in možnih sekundarnih okužb med samo boleznijo so nove raziskave odkrile, da virus ošpic pušča dolgotrajne posledice na imunskem sitemu. Prestrukturiranje populacij limfocitov povzroči izgubo imunskega spomina. Take osebe lahko ponovno zbolijo z boleznimi, ki so jih sicer že prebolele. Raziskave so domneve potrdile tako v naravnih primerih ošpic pri ljudeh kot pri laboratorijsko kontroliranih okužbah na živalih. Za ošpice ne obstaja zdravilo. Trenutno je edina učinkovita obramba pred virusom preventivno cepljenje. S cepljenjem človek razvije dolgotrajen imunski spomin, ki preprečuje, da zboli, če se okuži z virusom ošpic. S tem, ko preprečimo, da se virus razširi po telesu, preprečimo tudi imunosupresivne učinke Najboljši učinek ima cepljenje s ponovitveno dozo, kar je razvidno iz statistične primerjave podatkov iz držav, ki so in niso uvedle ponovitvene doze cepljenja. Virus ošpic je na listi mednarodne zdravstvene organizacije vključen v skupino kandidatov za izkoreninjenje. Trenutno ne dosegamo tega cilja saj je bilo predvideno leto za večinsko izkoreninjenje že leto 2015. Zaščito sebe in ostalih okoli nas lahko dosežemo samo tako, da dosežemo čredno imunost.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Imunski sistem, virus, ošpice, imunosupresija, limfociti B, protitelesa, limfociti T, citokini
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [B. Bokalj]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119810
• UDC: 606:616.915:601.2:577.27(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 32267779
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Immunosuppressive effects of the measles virus (Measles morbillivirus)

Abstract

Measles virus is the cause of a contagious disease that is mostly present in children. It can present as a mild, severe or atypical disease. Measles is very often accompanied by secondary infections and complications. Furthermore, new research has confirmed that measles virus does not only have an acute effect on the immune system but a chronic one as well. Depletion and reconstruction of lymphocyte populations is currently the proposed mechanism of immune “amnesia”. This leaves people without a specific immune response to infections they have previously recovered from. Research has confirmed these changes of the immune system both in a laboratory animal model and natural human infections. There is currently no cure for measles, but the disease can be prevented with vaccination. By preventing measles, we are also preventing immune amnesia because we are preventing the spread of measles virus throughout our body. The most effective vaccination plan is one that introduces a second dose of the vaccine. This is proven with a statistical comparison between countries that have single and double dose vaccinations. The world health organization is currently proposing and planning the eradication of the measles virus worldwide. We are currently not meeting expectations since the year of expected eradication was 2015. The only way we can protect ourselves and each other is with achieving herd immunity.

• Keywords: Immune system, measles, virus, immunosuppression, lymphocyte B, antibody, lymphocyte T, cytokines