Pravna ureditev varstva pravic otrok s posebnimi potrebami

Jelenc, Zala (author), Strban, Grega (mentor)

Otroci s posebnimi potrebami so zaradi svoje ranljivosti in potrebe po posebni negi in skrbi upravičeni do posebnega statusa in pravnega varstva. Za celovito uresničitev njihovih pravic je potreben družbeni dogovor in močna politična volja vseh deležnikov ter s tem povezano zagotavljanje finančnih sredstev za odpravo ovir, diskriminacije, institucionalizacije in vzpostavitve sistema dolgotrajne oskrbe ter življenja v skupnosti. Zavzemanje za pravice otrok, vključno s pravicami otrok s posebnimi potrebami, se je začelo z aktivnim delovanjem Gibanja za otrokove pravice v šestdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja. Dolgoletno prizadevanje za sprejem zavezujočega mednarodnopravnega dokumenta, ki bi celovito uredil tako civilne kot socialno-ekonomske pravice otrok, je bilo nagrajeno s sprejemom Konvencije o otrokovih pravicah, ki je otroku prva podelila lastnost samostojnega subjekta. S sprejemom Konvencije o pravicah invalidov, se je pravni položaj otrok s posebnimi potrebami še izboljšal. Konvencija med splošnimi obveznostni določa kolektivno pravico biti slišan, načelo razvojnih zmožnosti otrok, vključujoče izobraževanje ter pravici do ustreznega življenjskega standarda in socialne zaščite. Do danes so bili sprejeti tudi številni nezavezujoči dokumenti s področja izobraževanja, socialne varnosti in deinstitucionalizacije otrok s posebnimi potrebami, s katerimi mednarodna skupnost usmerja države pri sprejemanju nacionalnih zakonodaj. Tudi Ustava Republike Slovenije priznava otrokom posebno varstvo in skrb. Posledično te cilje zasleduje tudi zakonodajalec pri urejanju različnih pravnih področij, kljub temu pa pravna teorija in praksa opozarjata na številne pomanjkljivosti slovenske pravne ureditve. V magistrskem diplomskem delu analiziram mednarodnopravne dokumente in ocenjujem ustreznost slovenske zakonodaje, ki ureja varovanje pravic otrok s posebnimi potrebami. Z metodama intervjuja in ankete sem preverila dejansko izvrševanje zakonov v praksi in se seznanila s pomanjkljivostmi sedanje ureditve. Na podlagi ugotovitev analize podajam nekaj predlogov za izboljšanje pravnega položaja otrok s posebnimi potrebami.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otroci s posebnimi potrebami, celostna zgodnja obravnava otrok s posebnimi potrebami, vključujoče izobraževanje, starševsko varstvo in družinski prejemki, zdravstveno varstvo.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119637
• COBISS.SI-ID: 27949827
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Legal regulation of the protection of children with special needs

Abstract

Children with special needs are entitled to special status and legal protection because of their vulnerabilities and the need for special care and protection. In order to fulfil their rights an agreement in the society, next to strong political will and determination is needed to provide financial resources for the elimination of the barriers, discriminations, institutionalization and also for the establishment of long-term care and community based services. Advocating for children's rights, including children with special needs, started with active work of the Movement for children's rights in the 1960s. Long-term efforts to authorize binding international legal document, which would comprehensively regulate both civil and socio-economic rights of children, was rewarded with the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This was the first time to grant a child the status of an independent subject. The legal position of children with special needs improved further with the implementation of the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. In addition to the general obligations the Convention also stipulates the collective right to be heard, the principle of the developmental capacity of children, inclusive education and the right to the adequate standard of living and social protection. To date, a number of legally non-binding documents in the field of education, social security and deinstitutionalisation of children with special needs have been adopted. These are used by the international community to guide countries in adopting national legislation. The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia also recognizes special protection and care for children. The Slovenian legislator also utilises this to regulate various legal areas, yet legal theory and practice still highlight the many shortcomings of the Slovenian legal system. In my master's thesis I analyse international legal documents and assess the adequacy of Slovenian legislation that regulates the protection of the rights of children with special needs. I used interview and survey methods to examine the current application of laws in practice while analysing the shortcomings of the current regulation. Based on this, I present some suggestions to improve the legal position of children with special needs.

• Keywords: Early childhood intervention, inclusive education, parental care and family benefits, health care.