Prehodne kovine v kozmetičnih izdelkih

Gošek, Teja (avtor), Obreza, Aleš (mentor)

Prehodne kovine so v elementarnem stanju, kot soli in koordinacijske spojine pogoste sestavine kozmetičnih izdelkov (KI). V diplomski nalogi smo želeli ugotoviti, kako pester je njihov nabor na tržišču in kako raznolike vloge opravljajo v izdelkih. Izbrane KI smo razdelili v 11 skupin glede na namen njihove uporabe. Največ KI, 18, smo uvrstili med izdelke z »anti-age« delovanjem, 15 med negovalne KI, 12 med KI za čiščenje las in telesa, 10 jih je namenjenih zaščiti pred sončenjem, 8 jih spada med deodorante in antiperspirante, enako število med izdelke za posebno nego, 4 so izdelki za nego zob in ustne votline, 2 sta namenjena negi otroške kože, 2 pa spadata med druge KI za lase. 21 izdelkov smo uvrstili med dekorativne KI, skupino pa dodatno razdelili na pudre (11 KI) in drugo dekorativno kozmetiko (10 KI). Ugotovili smo, da je od 38 prehodnih elementov, za uporabo v kozmetologiji dovoljenih 17, med katerimi so titan, vanadij, krom, mangan, železo, kobalt, baker, cink, itrij, cirkonij, molibden, srebro, tantal, volfram, platina, zlato in živo srebro. V KI smo našli največ različnih spojin s cinkom (12), sledilo je železo z 11, baker z 10 ter mangan in srebro s 4 različnimi sestavinami. Cirkonij se je pojavil v 3 različnih spojinah, krom pa v dveh. Platina in zlato sta se vsak pojavila kot ena spojina. Zasledili smo 3 spojine, ki vsebujejo titan, poleg tega pa še 1, ki hkrati vključuje tako titan kot kobalt. Pri podrobnem pregledu KI, med sestavinami slednjih nismo zasledili spojin z vanadijem, itrijem, molibdenom, tantalom, volframom in živim srebrom. Skupno smo v KI zabeležili 257 spojin, ki vsebujejo prehodne elemente. Najpogosteje se je v njih pojavilo železo in sicer 83- krat, sledila sta titan z 58 in cink z 49 navedbami. Baker smo našli 19-krat, zlato 13-krat, mangan 9-krat, srebro 8-krat, krom 6-krat, cirkonij in platina pa sta bila vsak navedena v petih primerih. V 2 izdelkih smo zasledili spojino, ki je vsebovala dve prehodni kovini in sicer titan ter kobalt. Izmed sestavin, ki smo jih zasledili v KI, smo izbrali tri, ki so se pogosto pojavljale in za katere veljajo določene omejitve: titanov dioksid, cinkov oksid in cinkov pirition. Preverili smo njihove toksikološke lastnosti in pripravili toksikološki profil.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Kozmetični izdelki, prehodne kovine
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119374
• Datum objave v RUL: 08.09.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Transition metals in cosmetic products

Izvleček

Transition metals in elemental form, as salts and coordination complexes are common ingredients in cosmetic products. In diploma thesis we wanted to examine their variety on the market and diversity of their functions in cosmetics. The analysed products were divided into 11 groups according to the purpose of their use. The largest number of products, 18, are classified as anti-age cosmetics, 15 as skin-care products, 12 are shampoos for body and hair cleansing, 10 sunscreens, 8 deodorants and antiperspirants, 8 for particular skin needs and problems, 4 are used for oral care, 2 are cosmetics for kids and 2 products for hair styling. 21 of the products are categorized as makeup cosmetics. This group is divided into two subgroups: powders (11 products) and other makeup cosmetics (10 products). We discovered that out of 38 transition metals 17 are allowed to be used in cosmetic products. Among them are: titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, tungsten, platinum, gold and mercury. In cosmetics that we used in our survey we found the largest number of different compounds with zinc (12), followed by iron (11), copper (10), manganese (4) and silver (4). With zirconium we found 3 different ingredients and with chromium 2. We found one substance with gold and one with platinum. We also found 3 components with titanium and 1 that combined titanium and cobalt at the same time. We have not found ingredients with vanadium, yttrium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and mercury. All together we discovered 257 compounds that contained transition metals. By far the most (83) of them consisted of iron, 58 of them contained titanium and 49 zinc. Copper was found 19 times, gold 13 times, in 9 products we found manganese, in 8 silver and in 6 chromium. Zirconium and platinum were found in 5 cosmetics each. In 2 products we found an ingredient with two transition metals at the same time: titanium and cobalt. Among all the ingredients that we found in cosmetics we chose three that are very common and meet some limitations: titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and zinc pyrithione. We checked their toxicological characteristics and prepared their toxicological profile.

• Ključne besede: cosmetics, transition metals