Udobnostne lastnosti tkanin iz bombaža in biorazgradljivimi prejami v votku

Kumer, Blažka (author), Zupin, Živa (mentor)

Tekstilna industrija je ena največjih onesnaževalk, saj proizvede ogromne količine odpadkov, zato iščemo alternativne vire, ki bi zamenjali konvencionalne sintetične materiale in jih nadomestili z različnimi biorazgradljivimi materiali. Industrija se osredotoča na večjo uporabo biorazgradljivih prej, ki predstavljajo manjšo odvisnost od neobnovljivih virov, nižje izpuste CO2 in manjši vpliv na naš ekosistem. Namen diplomske naloge je bil raziskati prepustnostne in vpojnostne lastnosti tkanin z bombažno prejo v osnovi in različnimi biorazgradljivimi prejami v votku (preja iz regeneriranih bambusovih vlaken, polilaktidnih vlaken (PLA), sojinih proteinskih vlaken (SPF) in bombaža). Vzorci so bili stkani v štirih različnih vezavah (platno, panama, keper 1/3 in keper 2/2). Ugotovili smo, da na prepustnostne lastnosti tkanin vplivata material, uporabljen v votku, in vezava. Tkanine z bambusovo prejo v votku imajo najboljšo zračno prepustnost, prav tako tkanine z SPF prejo v votku. Najvišjo zračno prepustnost so dosegle tkanine v vezavi panama in najnižjo tkanine v vezavi platno. Najvišjo toplotno prevodnost imajo čiste bombažne tkanine, najnižjo pa tkanine s PLA prejo v votku. Najvišjo toplotno prevodnost imajo tkanine v vezavi keper 2/2 in najnižjo tkanine v vezavi platno. Na prepustnostne lastnosti vplivajo tudi drugi parametri, kot so število in velikost por ter poroznost tkanin. Na vpojnost v veliki meri vpliva uporabljeni material, saj se meritve kapilarnega dviga v smeri votka precej razlikujejo. Največji kapilarni dvig v smeri votka imajo tkanine z SPF prejo, najmanjšega pa bombažne tkanine. Najvpojnejše tkanine so v vezavi panama, sledita vezavi keper, najmanjšo vpojnost pa imajo tkanine v vezavi platno. Glede na rezultate meritev so tkanine z bambusovo prejo v votku zelo zračno prepustne in toplotno prevodne, tkanine s PLA prejo imajo slabšo toplotno prevodnost, so bolj izolativne, tkanine z SPF prejo v votku pa so slabo zračno prepustne in dobro toplotno prevodne, vpijajo pa tudi veliko vode.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Prepustnostne lastnosti, regenerirana bambusova vlakna, polilaktidna vlakna, sojina proteinska vlakna, bombažna vlakna.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119164
• Publication date in RUL: 04.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comfort properties of woven coton fabrics and biodegradable yarns in weft

Abstract

Textile industry is one of the biggest polluters as it produces a great amount of waste. Therefore, we are looking for alternative sources that can replace conventional synthetic materials with various biodegradable ones. The industry is focused on increasing the use of biodegradable yarns, which are less dependent on non-renewable sources, produce lower CO2 emissions and have less impact on our ecosystem. The purpose of this diploma thesis was to investigate permeability and absorbency properties of fabrics with cotton yarn in warp and different yarns in weft (bamboo viscose, PLA, SPF and cotton), and their influence on comfort properties. The tested specimens were woven in four different weaves (plain weave, basket weave, twill 1/3 and twill 2/2). Based on the performed measurements, different yarns in weft and weaves used have a high impact on permeability properties. The fabrics with bamboo viscose have the highest and the fabrics with SPF have the lowest air permeability. The fabrics woven in basket weave have the highest and the fabrics in plain weave have the lowest air permeability. The fabrics made from cotton have the highest and the fabrics with PLA have the lowest thermal conductivity. The fabrics woven in twill 2/2 have the highest and the fabrics in plain weave have the lowest thermal conductivity. Permeability properties are also influenced by other parameters, such as the number and size of pores and the porosity of fabrics. Absorbency is greatly influenced by the material used, as the capillary rise measurements in weft direction vary considerably. The fabrics with SPF have the highest and the fabrics made from cotton have the lowest capillary rise in weft direction. The most absorbent fabrics are made in basket weave, followed by twill weaves, whereas plain weave has the lowest absorbency. According to the measurement results, the fabrics with bamboo yarn in weft are very air permeable and thermally conductive, the fabrics with PLA yarn have poor thermal conductivity and are more insulating, the fabrics with SPF yarn in weft have poor air permeability and good heat conductivity. They also absorb a lot of water.

• Keywords: Permeability properties, regenerated bamboo fibers, polylactic fibers, soy protein fibers, cotton fibers.