2H-Pyran-2-ones are presented in this thesis; their presence, different characteristics and possible therapeutic uses of natural compounds, which possess the pyranone motif, are described. I investigated different methods of synthesis described in the literature, which include more recent and “greener” approaches, for example microwave-assisted synthesis, incorporation of CO2 as a C1 synthon or biotechnology-derived products. A little more attention is devoted to Diels‒Alder cycloadditions, in which 2H-pyran-2-ones participate as very favorable dienes. Spectroscopic analysis is also included, as it is a very important part of organic synthesis. At the end, two syntheses of 2H-pyran-2-ones which I have carried out in the laboratory, are described.
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