Vpliv izgube telesne mase na bolečino v kolenskem sklepu pri bolnikih z artrozo – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Kokot, Anja (author), Vauhnik, Renata (mentor), Weber, Daša (comentor), Hlebš, Sonja (reviewer)

Uvod: Artroza kolenskega sklepa spada med najpogostejše bolezni sodobnega časa in je glavni vzrok kronične invalidnosti, zmanjšane gibljivosti, bolečine, produktivnosti ter zmanjšane kakovosti življenja. Njena pogostost z leti narašča zaradi podaljševanja življenjske dobe ter pogostosti debelosti. Debelost je glavni dejavnik tveganja za razvoj artroze kolenskega sklepa. Namen: Namen pregleda literature je predstaviti učinke znižanja telesne mase na zmanjšanje bolečine v kolenskem sklepu pri artrozi kolena. Metode dela: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela s pregledom ter analizo strokovne in znanstvene literature. Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih bazah PubMed ter PEDro, s ključnimi besedami »knee osteoarthritis« and »loss weight«. Pri iskanju smo uporabili časovni okvir, in sicer od leta 2009 do 2020. Rezultati: V pregled literature smo vključili 5 randomiziranih kontrolnih raziskav, ki so ustrezale vsem vključitvenim ter izključitvenim kriterijem. Izguba več kot 10 % telesne mase povzroča znatno zmanjšanje telesne mase in bolečine ne glede na vrsto diete. Zmanjšanje telesne mase in izboljšanje simptomov je privedlo do aktivnejšega življenjskega sloga ter manjše porabe zdravil. Zmanjševanje telesne mase lahko omili simptome v kateri koli fazi bolezni. Tisti, ki so zgodaj v otroštvu dosegli prekomerno maso, so pokazali večje tveganje za artrozo spodnjih okončin. Izgubljanje telesne mase je večje pri skupini z dieto kot pri skupini z vadbo. Bolniki z artrozo kolena se zaradi bolečine manj gibajo in posledično težje izgubijo telesno maso. Razprava in zaključek: Primerna telesna masa bi morala biti med glavnimi prioritetami že zgodaj v otroštvu. Otroke bi morali še bolj osveščati o primerni dnevni telesni dejavnost, prehrani in zdravem življenjskem slogu. Treba je pravilno ukrepati že pred pojavom simptomatike ter prvih znakov. V primeru pojava artroze kolenskega sklepa pri bolniku s prekomerna maso mora biti zdravljenje usmerjeno v izgubo telesne mase ter vadbo. Pomembno je ozaveščanje zdravstvenih delavcev in pacientov o pomenu primerne telesne mase na razvoj artroze kolenskega sklepa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, kolenski sklep, artroza, prekomerna telesna masa, izguba telesne mase, bolečina
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Kokot]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 20 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117723
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 23437059
• Publication date in RUL: 23.07.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of weight loss on knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis- literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis belongs to the most frequent diseases of modern time and it is the main cause of chronic disability, reduced flexibility, productivity, pain and reduced quality of life. Its frequency increases with age due to the prolonged life expectancy and frequency of obesity. Obesity is the main risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. Purpose: The purpose of the literature review is to present the effects of body mass reduction on reducing pain in the knee joint with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: We used a descriptive method with a review and analysis of technical and scientific literature. We searched literature written in the English language in PubMed and PEDro databases with key words »knee osteoarthritis« and »loss weight«. We used a time frame in our search, namely the period between 2009 and 2020. Results: Five randomized control researches, corresponding to all inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the literature review. The loss of more than 10 % of body mass causes significant reduction of body mass and pain, regardless of the type of diet. Body mass reduction and improvement of symptoms led to a more active lifestyle and lesser medicine consumption. Reducing body mass can alleviate the symptoms in any phase of the disease. Those who reached excessive body mass in the early childhood showed a greater risk for lower limbs osteoarthritis. The group on a diet loses more body mass than the group working out. Patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis are less active due to pain and consequently losing body mass for them is more difficult. Discussion and conclusion: Appropriate body mass should be one of the top priorities already in the early childhood. Children should be even more informed about the appropriate daily physical activity, a healthy diet and a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to act properly already before the occurrence of symptomatology and the first signs. When knee osteoarthritis occurs in an overweight patient, treatment must be directed towards body mass reduction and working out. It is important to raise awareness of healthcare workers and patients about the significance of appropriate body mass in the development of knee osteoarthritis.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, knee joint, osteoarthritis, overweight, weight loss, pain