The Three Seas Initiative is considered as an informal multilateral platform aimed at political as well as economic development of countries. It brings together Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Their goal is the realization of projects proposed by individual countries in the field of digitalization, energy and transport infrastructure. The implementation of projects would contribute to a substantial integration of the initiative countries into the European Union and sustainable economic development of whole region. The region, located between old Europe in the west and increasing Russian expansionism in the east, represents a buffer zone, whose countries must adapt to current geopolitical situation while strengthening their economic ties. The latter are established by countries in accordance with their national economic interests, subsequently enforced in a multilateral environment such as the Three Seas Initiative by their diplomatic apparatus. The thesis presents the activities of commercial diplomacy of Slovenia and Croatia within the Three Seas initiative. This was done through the example of the role and activities of Slovenia in the construction of its second railway track between Divača and Koper in comparison with the efforts of Croatia in the modernization and construction of the railway infrastructure Škrljevo – Rijeka – Jurdani. The thesis in its conclusion in line with the findings of the work, presents an answer to four research questions related to the (geo)political and economic background of the Three Seas Initiative.
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