The thesis analyses the concept of accountability of the Head of State in parliamentary systems. In such a system, the government has the executive power and the Head of State is the nominal holder of power and has no actual authority. The accountability of public servants, including Heads of State, has to be in balance with the power they hold. A Head of State, being either a monarch or a president of the republic, cannot be removed from the position by (legal) political instruments. The government takes political responsibility for the acts of the Head of State, by countersigning all of them. Contrary to that, even if the monarchs continue to be unaccountable for their actions, the presidents of the republic still have legal liability. Additionally, the presidents are responsible for any actions in the same way as other citizens, especially when violating the constitution and laws while exercising their constitutional and statutory powers. Besides the general types of responsibilities, this thesis also presents specific constitutional elements that mostly refer to the Head of State: Impeachment procedure, immunity and countersignature. The comparative part of this thesis gives an insight into the implementation of responsibilities of a Head of State in individual member states of the European Union, where they also have a parliamentary system.
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