Uporaba mleka v prvi pomoči : diplomsko delo

Možina, Marija (author), Slabe, Damjan (mentor), Treven, Primož (comentor), Jevšnik Podlesnik, Mojca (reviewer)

Uvod: V drugi polovici 19. stoletja se je oblikoval koncept prve pomoči, kot dolžnost posameznika, da obolelemu ali poškodovanemu nudi neposredno zdravstveno oskrbo. Pri tem so izvajalci prve pomoči morali tudi improvizirati in uporabljati znanja in sredstva, ki so jih imeli v danem trenutku na voljo. Primer takega sredstva je tudi mleko, ki je sestavljeno iz vode, laktoze, maščob, proteinov in mineralov ter vrste drugih biološko aktivnih snovi, pri čemer so nekatere izmed njih esencialne. Danes veljavni napotki za prvo pomoč z uporabo mleka priporočajo pri hipoglikemiji in pri izbitju zoba. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako se je uporaba mleka v prvi pomoči spreminjala: kdaj in v katerih primerih se je uporaba mleka priporočala oz. kdaj in v katerih primerih se je uporaba mleka v prvi pomoči opuščala. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela z zgodovinskim pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Za iskanje virov smo uporabili podatkovne baze CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect in Google Scholar, največji poudarek pa je bil na knjižni literaturi v slovenskem jeziku, zlasti od druge polovice 19. stoletja dalje. Rezultati: Rezultati so prikazani v tabelah, ki sistematično prikazujejo mnenja posameznih avtorjev glede uporabe mleka v prvi pomoči in hkrati prikazujejo časovni razpon literature. Prikazan je tudi časovni trak uporabe mleka v prvi pomoči skozi zgodovino ter podan prikaz posameznih izjemnih primerov uporabe mleka v nekaterih nujnih stanjih. V preteklosti se je mleko najpogosteje uporabljalo pri zastrupitvah in opeklinah, kasneje pa se je to zaradi nevarnosti v mleku topnih strupov in aseptične obravnave opeklinskih ran opustilo. Pojavila se je uporaba mleka pri hipoglikemiji in poškodbah zob, kar se priporoča še danes. Razprava in zaključek: V preteklosti se je uporaba mleka priporočala pri porodu, možganski kapi, surovo maslo pa pri zastrupitvi z lizolom. Največji obseg informacij smo pridobili na področju uporabe mleka pri zastrupitvah in opeklinah. Ugotovili smo, da sta, zgodovinsko gledano, ti dve stanji predstavljali glavna razloga za uporabo mleka. Ta je še vedno priporočljiva pri stanju hipoglikemije in izbitja zoba. Uporaba mleka v teh primerih se je začela pred skoraj petnajstimi leti s priporočili v priročniku Uroša Ahčana. Aktualna slovenska priporočila glede uporabe mleka v prvi pomoči se v nekaterih primerih (zastrupitve, opekline) deloma razlikujejo od priporočil v pregledani tuji literaturi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, hipoglikemija, poškodbe zob, zastrupitve, opekline
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Možina]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 33 str., [2] str. pril
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-116804
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 19680515
• Publication date in RUL: 11.06.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Milk usage in first aid : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In the second half of 19th century, the concept of first aid as a duty of everyone to help the one in need has been formed. The first aid givers often had to improvise and use the knowledge and accessories they had in the given moment. An example of such accessory can also be milk which consists of water, lactose, fat, proteins, minerals and many other biologically active substances. Some of these are essential to humans. Current guidelines recommend milk usage with hypoglycaemia and tooth avulsion. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to find out how has the milk usage in first aid been changing: when and in which cases milk usage was recommended and when and in which cases it was abandoned. Methods: We have used a descriptive method of research with historical review of professional literature in Slovene and English language. The textual material has been gathered with the help of databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, but the emphasis is on the Slovene book literature, especially the one from the second half of 19th century and onwards. Results: The results are classified in the tables that are systematically showing opinions of different authors about the milk usage in first aid and the time span of the literature. A timeline that presents time development of the milk usage in first aid trough the history and special cases of milk usage in urgent situations are also presented. In the past, milk had mostly been used with intoxications and burns, later on this usage was abandoned because of the danger of in milk soluble toxins and because of the aseptic burn wound treatment. Milk usage appeared with hypoglycaemia and tooth avulsion which is recommended also today. Discussion and conclusion: In the past, milk usage was recommended with women after giving birth, in the stroke condition and the use of raw butter with lysol intoxication. The main findings refer to intoxications and burns for which we have found out that they represented the main reasons for milk usage in the past. Milk usage is still recommended in the condition of hypoglycemia and tooth avulsion. It started before approximately fifteen years with Uroš Ahčan's recommendations. The actual Slovene recommendations referring to milk usage in first aid partially differ (intoxications, burn wounds) with the recommendations in foreign literature review.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, hypoglycaemia, teeth injuries, intoxications, burns