SISTEM UPRAVLJANJA Z ENERGIJO NA POTNIŠKI LADJI

Hrovat, Aljaž (author), Vidmar, Peter (mentor)

V tem magistrskem delu bo podrobneje obravnavan sistem upravljanja z energijo, ki predstavlja enega izmed glavnih delov celotnega ladijskega integriranega sistema nadzora nad celotnim postrojenjem. Poleg sistema upravljanja z energijo glavni del integriranega sistema nadzora nad celotnim postrojenjem predstavlja tudi sistem nadzora in alarmiranja, ki je prav tako na kratko opisan v tem delu. Sistem upravljanja z energijo predstavlja ključni del sistemov avtomatizacije in pogonskih sistemov, zlasti pri ladjah na dizel-električni pogon. Njegova glavna naloga je zagotavljanje nemotenega delovanja elektroenergetskega sistema, ki je doseženo z zagotavljanjem zadostne razpoložljive moči v omrežju. Z neprestanim nadzorovanjem razpoložljive moči v omrežju tega sistema se preprečuje popolni izpad. To pomeni, v primeru zmanjšanja razpoložljive moči v omrežju, da bo ta sistem samodejno zagnal naslednji generator, ki je v startni sekvenci, ga sinhroniziral in zaprl sklopko ter ga s tem vključil v mrežo. V nasprotnem primeru bo ta sistem samodejno postopoma razbremenil in nato zaustavil generator ter s tem optimiziral porabo goriva. Poleg samodejnega zagona in zaustavitve generatorjev ima ta sistem tudi funkcijo odklopa nebistvenih porabnikov, ki jih postopoma odklaplja glede na njihovo prioriteto, in sicer v primeru nenadnega povečanja obremenitve. Delo je razdeljeno na sedem glavnih sklopov. V prvem sklopu je predstavljen dizel-električni tip pogona. Na kratko so predstavljeni njegovi glavni sestavni deli, njegove značilnosti in lastnosti ter na kakšen način je v tem tipu pogona dosežena velika redundanca, po kateri je ta tip pogona znan. V drugem delu so na kratko opisani tipi postrojenja primarnih pogonskih sredstev, ki se najpogosteje pojavljajo v električni propulziji. Na kratko je predstavljeno tudi postrojenje transatlantske linijske ladje Queen Mary 2. V tretjem delu je opisana sestava integriranega sistema nadzora nad celotnim postrojenjem, v katerega je umeščen sistem upravljanja z energijo. V četrtem sklopu je podrobneje opisana in razdelana funkcionalnost sistema upravljanja z energijo, skupaj s predstavitvijo porabnikov na ladji in njihovih prioritet. V petem sklopu je pojasnjen popolni izpad, predstavljena je njegova dinamika in še druge funkcije sistema upravljanja z energijo za preprečevanje le-tega. V šestem sklopu je obravnavana tematika odziva primarnega pogonskega sredstva na nenadno povečanje obremenitve ter metode in nekatere rešitve za izboljšanje odziva na spremembo obremenitve. V zadnjem, sedmem delu so predstavljene simulacije, ki bralcu prikažejo, kako se nekatere opisane funkcije tega sistema odzovejo na ladji v praksi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Dizel-električni pogon, tip postrojenja COGES, redundanca, integrirani sistem nadzora nad celotnim postrojenjem, sistem upravljanja z energijo, delitev skupne obremenitve, popolni izpad, odziv primarnega pogonskega sredstva na spremembo obremenitve.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-116161
• Publication date in RUL: 20.05.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON PASSENGER SHIP

Abstract

The present master's degree thesis gives a comprehensive presentation of the Power Management system, which is one of the main parts of the Ship Integrated Control System. Another main part of the Ship Integrated Control System is the Alarm and Monitoring System, which is also briefly described in this degree. The Power Management System is a crucial part of automation and propulsion systems, especially on ships equipped with diesel-electric propulsion. The main purpose of the Power Management System is to ensure the undisturbed operation of the Power System, which is achieved by providing sufficient available power in the network. This system continuously monitors the amount of available power in the network in order to prevent a blackout. Therefore, in case of a decrease in the available power in the network, the system will start the next generator in the start sequence, synchronize it, close its breaker and connect it to the network. In the opposite case, this system will de-load the generator step by step and then stop it in order to optimize fuel consumption. In addition to the automatic starting and stopping of generators, this system has a load shedding function. In case of a sudden load increase, this function gradually disconnects the consumers according to their priority. The master’s degree thesis is divided into seven parts. The first part introduces diesel-electric propulsion, its main parts, features, characteristics and its redundancy, which characterizes each form of propulsion. The second part briefly describes different types of machinery concepts that are most suitable as the prime movers of electric propulsion. Queen Mary 2 power plant is also briefly described here. The third part presents the structure of the Ship Integrated Control System in which the Power Management System is placed. The fourth part gives a detailed overview of the functionality of the Power Management System, together with a presentation of different types of consumers on the ship and their priority. A Blackout, its dynamics and the functions that prevent Blackouts are explained in the fifth part. The sixth part deals with the transient response of different prime movers to a sudden load change. Different methods that improve their transient response are presented and described. Finally, in the last section some functions of the Power Management System are presented through simulations, which show their importance and how they work in practice on the ship.

• Keywords: Diesel-electric propulsion, COGES power plant, redundancy, integrated control system, power management system, load sharing, blackout, prime mover transient response to load change.