Ocena bremena simptomov in kakovosti življenja starostnikov s polimorbidnostjo v institucionalni oskrbi in oskrbi v skupnosti: presečna študija : magistrsko delo

Brčan, Anja (author), Kvas, Andreja (mentor), Milavec Kapun, Marija (comentor), Kavčič, Matic (reviewer)

Uvod: Zaradi stalnega zniževanja rodnosti in podaljševanja življenjske dobe v zadnjih desetletjih se močno spreminja starostna sestava prebivalstva. Države po vsem svetu se soočajo s povečanim deležem starejšega prebivalstva. Današnji starostniki lahko živijo dlje, kljub številnim kroničnim boleznim, ki so pogostejše v starosti. Le-te predstavljajo velik izziv v tem stoletju in vplivajo tako na zdravstveni kot tudi na socialno-ekonomski sistem. Prisotnost dveh ali več kroničnih bolezni imenujemo polimorbidnost. Starostniki s polimorbidnostjo imajo prisotnih več simptomov, kar pa neugodno vpliva na kakovost njihovega življenja. Namen: Namen raziskave je ugotoviti prisotnost, pogostost, intenziteto in neprijetnost simptomov v populaciji starostnikov s polimorbidnostjo, ki koristijo institucionalno oskrbo in oskrbo v skupnosti. Ugotoviti želimo breme simptomov ter raziskati kakovost življenja starostnikov s polimorbidnostjo. Metode dela: Uporabljen instrument je bil anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil sestavljen iz vprašalnika The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale ter vprašalnika Older People´s Quality of Life. Pridobljeno je bilo dovoljenje Komisije za medicinsko etiko Republike Slovenije. Vzorec je predstavljalo 315 starostnikov, ki imajo dve ali več kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni in so deležni institucionalne oskrbe ali oskrbe v skupnosti. Za statistično analizo podatkov smo uporabili statistični program SPSS 21.0. Rezultati: Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da obstaja med starostniki s polimorbidnostjo, ki so deležni institucionalne oskrbe, in med starostniki s polimorbidnostjo, ki so deležni oskrbe v skupnosti, statistično značilna razlika v prisotnosti, pogostosti pojavljanja, intenziteti občutenja in v neprijetnosti doživljanja določenih simptomov. Ugotovili smo, da je med težavami v zadnjem tednu bolečina simptom, ki se je pri naših anketirancih pojavil najštevilčnejše, je bil najpogostejši, najmočnejši ter najbolj neprijeten oziroma moteč. To je pokazal tudi izračun bremena simptomov. Povprečno število simptomov za posameznega anketiranca znaša v naši raziskavi 11,11 ± 4,0. Za anketirance v skupnosti 12,24 ± 6,8 in za anketirance v instituciji 9,10 ± 6,1. Ugotovili smo, da je kakovost življenja anketirancev v institucionalni oskrbi malenkost višja v primerjavi s kakovostjo življenja anketirancev, deležnih oskrbe v skupnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Z raziskavo smo dokazali, da starostnike pestijo številni simptomi. Z namenom zmanjšanja števila simptomov in izboljšanja kakovosti življenja starostnikov se kaže potreba po prepoznavanju simptomov in krepitvi sistema pomoči, kar pa lahko dosežemo z implementacijo holistične in personalizirane obravnave starostnikov s polimorbidnostjo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: magistrska dela, zdravstvena nega, ocena simptomov, starejši, polimorbidnost, kakovost življenja
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Brčan]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 85 str., [34] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-116094
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15228419
• Publication date in RUL: 14.05.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Symptom burden assessment and quality of life among elderly with multimorbidity in institucional and community care: a cross-sectional study : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Due to a steady decline in birth rates and increasing life expectancy over the past few decades the age distribution of the global population has been changing dramatically. Countries throughout the world are faced with growing elderly populations. Today's elderly tend to live longer despite suffering from multiple chronic diseases which become more common with age. The latter pose a major challenge of the current century and place a significant burden on the healthcare and the socio-economic systems. The co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases has been termed 'multimorbidity'. Elderly individuals with multimorbidity are simultaneously affected by multiple symptoms, which adversely affects the quality of their lives. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, the frequency, the severity and the distress levels of the symptoms experienced by two selected population groups of elderly individuals with multimorbidity i.e. individuals in institutional care and individuals in community care. We intend to assess the symptom burden levels and determine the quality of life of the respondents from the selected group. Methods: The instrument used was a survey questionnaire consisting of The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire. The permission of the Medical Ethics Commission of the Republic of Slovenia was obtained. The sample comprised 315 elderly individuals suffering from two or more co-occurring chronic non-communicable diseases who either received long-term institutional care or community care. The statistical data analysis was conducted using the statistical software package SPSS 21.0. Results: A statistically significant difference was established between the selected population groups in terms of prevalence, frequency, intensity and the burden associated with certain symptoms. During the last week of our study pain was identified as the symptom with the highest prevalence, frequency, severity and distress levels, which was also validated by the symptom burden scores. The respondents had a mean symptom burden of 11.11 ± 4.0, with 12.24 ± 6.8 for the recipients of community care and 9.10 ± 6.1 for the recipients of instititutional care. The quality of life of the individuals in institutional care slightly exceeded the quality of life of the recipients of community care. Discussion and conclusion: The findings indicate that elderly individuals are afflicted by multiple symptoms. In order to reduce the number of symptoms and improve the quality of life of the elderly, there is a need to recognize the symptoms and strengthen the support system, which can be achieved by implementing a holistic and personalized approach that might be beneficial to elderly with multimorbidity.

• Keywords: master theses, nursing care, symptom assessment, elderly, multimorbidity, quality of life