Položaj napotenega delavca iz Slovenije (s poudarkom na delu v Zvezni republiki Nemčiji)

Koprivnikar, Petra (author), Tičar, Luka (mentor)

Napoteni delavec je delavec, ki ga delodajalec napoti na začasno delo v drugo državo članico EU ali EGS, ki ni država, v kateri običajno dela. V magistrski nalogi se osredotočam na opravljanje dela slovenskega državljana v Zvezni republiki Nemčiji. Čeprav je v zadnjih letih Slovenija prevzela vlogo nekakšne tranzitne države (za napotitve v države kot so Nemčija, Avstrija in Švica) za nedržavljane Evropske unije s poudarkom na državljanih republik bivše SFRJ, sem zaradi lažje obravnave subjekt raziskovanja omejila na slovenskega državljana. Pravice, ki jih delavec dobi iz delovnega razmerja, kot npr. pravico do dohodka, socialnega zavarovanja, zdravstvenega zavarovanja in zavarovanja za primer brezposelnosti, so vezane na njegovo pogodbo o zaposlitvi s slovenskim delodajalcem. Države članice pa morajo obenem zagotoviti, da so napotenim delavcem zagotovljeni minimalni pogoji za delo in zaposlitev, kot veljajo v državi članici, v kateri se delo opravlja, in urejeni z zakonom/drugim predpisom in/ali kolektivnimi pogodbami ali arbitražnimi določbami s splošno veljavnostjo. Ob takšni obliki zaposlitve, kjer je delavec postavljen v širši pravni in teritorialni okvir, ostajajo nekatera področja v praksi tudi neregulirana oz. nedefinirana. Obenem je vprašljiva dejanska možnost ekonomske, socialne, pravne, administrativne in davčne integracije napotenega delavca v državi gostiteljici. Prvič, iz razloga, ker je narava njegova njegovega dela začasna. Drugič zato, ker je delovno pravo stvar avtonomnega urejanja države. Tretjič, ker so ravni doseženih minimalnih pravic delavcev različne od države do države. Krovna Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 96/71/ES našteva nivo minimalnih pravic v državi, v katero je delavec napoten, in sicer govori o maksimalnem delovnem času, minimalnem plačanem letnem dopustu, minimalnih urnih postavkah (vključno s tistimi za nadurno delo), pogojih za posredovanje delavcev, zdravju, varnosti in higieni pri delu, ter drugem. Kot pogoj uspešne ureditve Direktiva 96/71/ES predvideva sodelovanje med organi države napotitve z organi države gostiteljice ter nudenje medsebojne administrativne pomoči. Za cilj svojega magistrskega dela imam namen raziskati praktično izvrševanje takšnih določb s pomočjo objavljene relevantne sodne prakse in se poglobiti tudi v mehanizme nadzora v primeru kršitev pravic delavca.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: napoten delavec, svoboda opravljanja storitev, obrazec A1, Direktiva 96/71/ES, Direktiva 2014/67/EU, Direktiva 2018/957, Evropska unija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-115141
• COBISS.SI-ID: 13557763
• Publication date in RUL: 15.04.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Position of a posted worker from Slovenia (emphasis on postings to Germany)

Abstract

Posted workers are labourers who are temporary posted to work in another EU member state or EC state, other that the country in which they normally reside and carry out work. My master's thesis focuses on Slovenian citizens conducting work in Germany. Slovenia has in recent years assumed the role of a transit country (postings to Germany, Austria and Switzerland) for non-nationals of the European union, especially nationals of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. For the purpose of my thesis I limited my research exclusively to Slovenian nationals. The rights that labourers are entitled to on the basis of their employment relationship, such as the right to receive income, social security, health insurance and unemployment benefits, are linked to their existing contract of employment. Member states must also guarantee that posted workers are guaranteed basic conditions for work and employment, applicable to the country of conducting work, and covered either by law, general collective agreements or an arbitration award. In this type of employment, where employees are placed in a broader territorial and legal frame, some areas are left unregulated and/or undefined. The possibility of their economic, social, legal, administrative and tax integration in the host state are questionable. Firstly, because of the temporary nature of their work. Secondly, due to the fact that labour law is regulated autonomously in each state. Thirdly, because the level of the minimum rights attainable differs from state to state. Framework Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council lists the minimum of rights for labourers posted to another member state – maximum work periods; minimum rest periods and paid annual holidays; minimum rates of pay; the conditions of hiring-out of workers; health, safety and hygiene at work, etc. A requirement for a successful regulation of Directive 96/71/EC foresees cooperation between sending Member state and host Member state, providing mutual administrative assistance. The objective of my master's thesis is to explore the practical execution of these provisions while applying relevant case-law and looking into the control mechanism in the case of violations of the employees' rights.

• Keywords: posted worker, freedom to provide services, A1 form, Directive 97/71/EC, Directive 2014/67/EU, Directive 2018/957, European union