Pravne posledice ničnosti kreditnih pogodb

Matan, Lara (author), Možina, Damjan (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava pravne posledice ničnosti kreditnih pogodb s posebnim poudarkom na kreditnih pogodbah v tuji valuti oziroma kreditnih pogodbah z valutno klavzulo. Gre za aktualno vprašanje, saj se tako pred slovenskimi kot pred drugimi sodišči po Evropi odvijajo številni sodni postopki, v katerih kreditojemalci zatrjujejo ničnost kreditnih pogodb, ki so jih sklenili v švicarskih frankih. Ker je nična kreditna pogodba neveljavna že od samega začetka, je v primeru, da je katera izmed strank svoje obveznosti po pogodbi že izpolnila, potrebno vzpostaviti prejšnje stanje. Posledično mora vsaka stranka vrniti drugi, kar je na podlagi nične pogodbe prejela. Stranki imata tako na voljo kondikcijski zahtevek na vračilo prejetih zneskov. Problematična je predvsem opredelitev obresti, ki jih mora za izposojo tujega denarja plačati kreditojemalec. Slednji mora celoten znesek še neodplačanega kredita vrniti v enem znesku, kar lahko njegovo stanje le še poslabša. Prav tako najdemo različna stališča glede možnosti obstoja hipoteke ter glede začetka teka zastaralnih rokov za uveljavljanje kondikcijskih zahtevkov. Temeljna ugotovitev naloge je, da na tem področju ostajajo številna odprta vprašanja, ki se jih bo moral lotiti zakonodajalec oziroma na katera bo morala odgovoriti sodna praksa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Kreditne pogodbe, švicarski franki, ničnost, posledice ničnosti, neupravičena obogatitev, kondikcijski zahtevek, obresti, hipoteka, zastaranje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-114461
• COBISS.SI-ID: 17207633
• Publication date in RUL: 29.02.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Legal concequences of null and void loan contracts

Abstract

The thesis considers the legal consequences of null and void loan contracts with an emphasis on loan contracts in foreign currency and loan contracts with a foreign currency clause. This is a topical issue as various litigation proceedings are pending before the Slovene and other courts throughout Europe in which the loan borrowers claim that the contracts they have concluded denominated in Swiss francs should be declared null and void. As a null and void contract is null from the outset (ex tunc), the previous legal position must be reinstated. Consequently, each contracting party must return to the other everything that was received on the basis of the contract that has been declared null and void. The two parties have the option to file claims (condictiones) against each other for reimbursement of their fulfilled contractual commitments. One of the major related issues is the definition of interest that should be charged to the loan borrower. The latter has to return the remaining amount of the loan at once which may put him in a very difficult position. We also encounter different opinions on whether the mortgage that was established to secure the loan may be used to secure the claim for reimbursement and on the statute of limitation for such claims. The general finding of the thesis is that there are still many issues that will have to be addressed by the legislator or the courts.

• Keywords: loan contracts, Swiss francs, nullity, consequences of nullity, unjust enrichment, condictio, interest, mortgage, statute of limitations