Piranske soline v odnosu do Benetk med 16. in 18. stoletjem

Čeh, Katjuša (author), Zwitter, Žiga (mentor)

Večino srednjega in zgodnjega novega veka je bila Beneška republika dominantna sila v Sredozemlju, še posebno pa v Jadranu. Razlog za njen vzpon in uspeh je bila trgovina z Orientom (tu izstopa Levant) in preostalim evropskim prostorom. Da pa so si to lahko privoščili, je v veliki meri zaslužna prav sol, imenovana tudi belo zlato. Tudi zaradi velikega uspeha trgovine s soljo, ki jim je omogočila da so ostale dobrine, med drugim dragocene začimbe in pa žito, lahko prevažali ceneje, se je bila Serenissima zmožna uveljaviti kot mogočna pomorska velesila. Največji proizvajalec soli za Benetke na današnjem slovenskem ozemlju so bile piranske soline, s katerimi se natančneje ukvarja ta diplomska naloga. Med 16. in 18. stoletjem so bile piranske soline pod močnim vplivom beneškega monopola. Tako proizvodnja kot prodaja soli sta bili stvar konstantnih pogajanj med piransko komuno in Benetkami, ki so želele nadzorovati vse od količine pridelane soli pa do prodajnih cen. Prvi del diplomske naloge je tako posvečen opisu delovanja solin in tehnologiji pri tem, drugi pa skladiščenju in trgovanju s soljo, ki sta logično sledila, ko je bil pridelek enkrat pobran. V tem delu sem posebno pozornost namenila tihotapljenju soli, ki se mi je zdelo zanimivo že samo zaradi tolikšne razširjenosti tega pojava. Zanimiva je tudi široka razlaga beneških oblasti, kaj tihotapstvo sploh je – znotraj tega pojma se je smatralo vse od oboroženih ladij do posameznikov, ki so tovorili sol, ne da bi plačali vse pristojbine. Za podrobnejše raziskovanje te teme sem se odločila deloma, ker gre za zgodovino mojega okolja, predvsem pa zaradi sodelovanja v YouInHerit projektu, katerega plod je bila razstava Sal nostrum pod mentorstvom Flavia Bonina znotraj Pomorskega muzeja »Sergej Mašera« Piran, kjer smo obdelali skladiščenje in prevoz soli.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Beneška republika, piranske soline, solinarstvo, Piran, zgodnji novi vek, pridelava soli, skladiščenje soli, solna trgovina, tihotapstvo
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-114365
• Publication date in RUL: 23.02.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Saltworks of Piran in relation to the Venetian Republic between the 16th and 18th century

Abstract

The Republic of Venice was, for the better part of the medieval era and early modern history, the dominant power in the Mediterranean and especially in the Adriatic area. The reasons for its rise in power and subsequent success was its trade with the Orient (especially Levant) and the broader European region. However, an important reason they could afford the aforementioned trade is salt – known also as white gold. The great success of the salt trade further enabled other goods, such as spices and grain, to be shipped at lower costs which resulted in the Serenissima becoming a maritime superpower. In what is now the Slovenian coastline, the largest manufacturer of salt were the Piran saltpans, which are the main interest of this bachelor thesis. In the time period from 16th to 18th century the saltpans of Piran were under a strong influence of the Venetian monopoly. The extraction as well as the trade in salt was the topic of constant negotiations between the city of Piran and The Republic of Venice – the latter wanted to control everything from the amount of the salt produced to the prices of salt. The first part of the thesis delves into the everyday workings of saltpans and the technology behind it, while the second part explores the storage of salt and the trade that followed once the salt was extracted. In this part I decided to shed some more light on salt smuggling, which I found interesting due to its prevalence in the lives of people and because it was so widespread. The Venetian definition of the meaning of smuggling is also worth considering. They believed smuggling to be everything from the armed ships full of salt to those who transported salt without having paid all the fees. I decided to further explore this topic partly because I wanted to study the history of my home region and partly due to my participation in the YouInHerit project, the culmination of which was the Sal nostrum exhibition for the Maritime Museum “Sergej Mašera” of Piran, under the tutelage of Flavio Bonin, where we researched the storage and transportation of salt.

• Keywords: The Republic of Venice, Piran saltpans, salt panning, Piran, Early Modern History, production of salt, storage of salt, salt trade, smuggling