Odnos med temperamentom, osebnostno čvrstostjo in zaznavo stresa pri zaposlenih

Vovko, Maja (author), Bucik, Valentin (mentor)

Temperament je kot prirojen del osebnosti, glede na svojo teoretično opredelitev, tesno povezan s posameznikovo osebnostjo in osebnostno čvrstostjo, tj. sposobnostjo spopadanja s težkimi zahtevami in hitrem okrevanju po njih. Višje čvrsti posamezniki tako doživljajo manj stresa, se z njim bolje spopadajo in poročajo o manj negativnih posledicah stresa. Povezanost med temperamentom in stresom (ter kakšen vpliv ima nanjo posameznikova čvrstost) še ni bila preverjena. Za merjenje temperamenta je v slovenskem prostoru na voljo preveden in prirejen pripomoček Vprašalnik temperamenta po Pavlovu (VTP), ki je v tujih študijah izkazoval zelo dobre psihometrične lastnosti, vendar pa veljavnost vprašalnika na slovenskih vzorcih še ni bila izdatno preverjena. V študiji tako konstruktno veljavnost pripomočka VTP preverjam preko povezanosti potez temperamenta (moč ekscitacije, moč inhibicije in mobilnost) z osebnostnimi lastnostmi po vprašalniku velikih pet in z osebnostno čvrstostjo. Hkrati preverjam odnos med temperamentom in osebnostno čvrstostjo ter zaznavo stresa pri vodjih. V študiji je sodelovalo 135 vodij iz velikega slovenskega trgovskega podjetja. Rezultati podpirajo primerno konstruktno veljavnost instrumenta VTP, ki se močno povezuje z vsemi osebnostmi lastnostmi in z osebnostno čvrstostjo. Z zaznanim stresom so močno povezane tako poteze temperamenta kot tudi osebnostna čvrstost. Analiza moderatorskega učinka je pokazala, da imajo pozitivne facete čvrstosti vpliv na odnos med močjo inhibicije in zaznanim stresom. Pri nizko ali povprečno čvrstih odnos ni značilen, medtem ko pri višje čvrstih z višanjem moči inhibicije zaznan stres strmo upade. Zaključujem, da ima VTP ustrezne psihometrične lastnosti in bi ga bilo tako smiselno, z nekaj predlaganimi popravki prvotnega pripomočka, pripraviti za uporabo, tudi v kadrovske in organizacijske namene. Rezultati o povezanosti konstruktov nakazujejo na pomembnost razvoja čvrstosti pri vodjih, ki bi lahko ublažila ali preprečila negativne izide stresa, tudi pri posameznikih s šibkejšim temperamentom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: temperament, osebnostna čvrstost, stres, zaposleni, Vprašalnik temperamenta po Pavlovu
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113697
• Publication date in RUL: 27.01.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The relationship between temperament, dispositional hardiness and perceived stress in employees

Abstract

Temperament, namely the biologically based foundation of one's personality, is closely related to both personality and personal hardiness. The latter represents the ability to handle adverse conditions and recover quickly from them. Hardy individuals, therefore, perceive less stress, cope with it more successfully and experience fewer related negative health consequences. The relationship between temperament and stress (as well as what role hardiness may play in the proposed relationship) however, has not been studied to date. In Slovenian cultural conext, The Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) has been translated and adapted. Although previous studies show good psychometric properties, its construct validity on Slovenian samples has not been fully corroborated. The present study thus aims to examine the construct validity of PTS by examining the relationship between the three temperament traits (strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, mobility), personality traits based on the big-five theory and personal hardiness. The second aim is to explore how temperament and hardiness relate to perceived stress in leaders. A total of 135 leaders from a large Slovenian retail company participated in the study. Based on the results, as expected, the PTS shows satisfactory construct validity as it relates highly with all five personality traits and personal hardiness. Both temperament traits and hardiness are also strongly related to perceived stress. Moreover, a moderation analysis shows that the positive facets of personal hardiness affect the relationship between the strength of inhibition and perceived stress. In low and average hardy leaders the relationship is not significant, while in highly hardy leaders perceived stress drops significantly with higher levels of strength of inhibition. In conclusion, I find that the PTS has satisfactory psychometric characteristics and should be further prepared for practical use, not only in research but also for organizational and HR-managerial needs, with some proposed alterations on the original instrument. The relationships between the studied constructs show how important training and development of hardiness in leaders could be, as it could ease or prevent the negative consequences of stress, especially in those with a weaker temperament structure.

• Keywords: temperament, resilience, stress, personnel, Pavlovian Temperament Survey