Analiza sestave eteričnih olj in izvlečkov superkritične ekstrakcije izbranih vrst nebinovk (Asteraceae)

Mlačnik, Ana (avtor), Kočevar Glavač, Nina (mentor), Janeš, Damjan (komentor)

Eterična olja so kompleksne zmesi hlapnih snovi, ki jih pridobivamo iz aromatičnih rastlin. Eterična olja rastlin iste botanične vrste se navadno med seboj razlikujejo zaradi podnebnih razmer, nadmorskih višin, vrste tal, načina gojenja, časa in načina pridobivanja ter tehnike izdelave. Imajo pomembno vlogo v aromaterapiji, farmaciji, kozmetiki, prehranski in parfumski industriji. Že stoletja je poznan njihov vpliv na telo in um, njihov mehanizem delovanja pa še ni raziskan v celoti. V magistrski nalogi smo z metodo plinske kromatografije, sklopljene z masno spektrometrijo (GC-MS), analizirali sestavo hlapnih spojin iz izbranih vrst nebinovk (Asteraceae), in sicer trideset vzorcev eteričnih olj in štiri izvlečke s superkritičnim ogljikovim dioksidom. Med seboj smo primerjali vzorce, pridobljene iz iste vrste rastline, z različnih lokacij ter različnih delov rastline. Nato smo preiskali baze podatkov znanstvenih knjižnic, da bi ugotovili delovanje izbranih eteričnih olj in izvlečkov ter v njih najpogosteje zastopanih spojin. Iz podatkov o delovanju in vitro in in vivo smo poiskali povezave med delovanjem eteričnega olja oz. izvlečka in najpogosteje prisotnih spojin. Pri analizi sestave z GC-MS smo ugotovili, da imajo eterična olja in izvlečki veliko raznolikost spojin, v nekaterih jih je tudi do sto. Ponavadi so dve do tri spojine vodilne z deležem nad 10 %. Eterična olja rastlin iz istih vrst so imela večinoma enake spojine, vendar v različnih vsebnostih, medtem ko se je sestava in vsebnost izvlečkov superkritične ekstrakcije veliko bolj razlikovala. Opazili smo razlike v vsebnosti glede na rastišče ter glede na del rastline. Vsem proučevanim snovem je skupno protimikrobno delovanje. Največ različnih v znanstvenih raziskavah dokazanih delovanj smo ugotovili za eterično olje rimske kamilice, deluje namreč protimikrobno, protivnetno, protibolečinsko, antidepresivno, anksiolitično in sedativno, ter za eterično olje enoletnega pelina, ki deluje protimikrobno, antioksidativno, protibolečinsko, sedativno in antikonvulzivno. Nekatera delovanja eteričnih olj in izvlečkov podpirajo tudi v njih prisotne spojine. Ne moremo pa sklepati, da bo eterično olje delovalo le tako kot v njem prisotne prevladujoče spojine, saj ima velik vpliv na celokupno delovanje tudi sinergija med spojinami.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Analiza GC-MS, eterična olja, izvlečki superkritične ekstrakcije, sestava, delovanje eteričnih olj.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113523
• Datum objave v RUL: 16.01.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Composition analysis of selected Asteraceae species essential oils and supercritical extracts

Izvleček

Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds obtained from aromatic plants. Many factors affect the chemistry of essential oil extracted from the same species including climate, elevation, soil composition, conditions of growth, time and way of gathering plants and method of extraction. They play an important role in aromatherapy, pharmacy, cosmetics, food and perfume industries. Their effect on body and mind has been known for centuries, but the mechanism of action is not completely researched. In this Master's thesis, we analysed the composition of volatile compounds in thirty essential oils and four supercritical extracts from selected Asteraceae species using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We compared samples from the same plant species obtained from different geographical origin and plant parts. We researched scientific databases to gather information about activities of essential oils and supercritical extracts and the most common compounds. By studying data from in vitro and in vivo studies we tried to find connections between activites of essential oils or supercritical extracts and activities of the most common compounds. The GC-MS analysis of composition showed that some essential oils and supercritical extracts can contain up to hundred different compounds. Usually there are two or three main compounds which are present in a content larger than 10 %. Essential oils from plant species of the same genus mostly had similar compounds but in different contents, while composition and contents of supercritical extracts varied more. We also noticed differences in composition based on the geographical origin and plant parts. All studied essential oils showed antimicrobial activities. The most diverse activities have been shown for Anthemis nobilis essential oil having antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic and sedative activities, and Artemisia annua essential oil with antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, sedative and anticonvulsant activities. Some activites of essential oils and supercritical extracts are also supported by the activities of their compounds. But we can not assume that essential oils will have the same activities as the particular compounds because the synergy between compounds plays an important role.

• Ključne besede: Composition, activity of essential oils, essential oils, GC-MS analysis, supercritical extracts.