Vidik spola pri nestandardnih oblikah dela

Galonja, Sanja (author), Kresal, Barbara (mentor)

Magistrska naloga raziskuje vidik spola na področju nestandardnih zaposlitev in sicer predvsem položaj žensk, ki se pogosteje znajdejo v takšnih oblikah zaposlitev. Pri tem sem izpostavila delo s krajšim delovnim časom, kjer je občutno več žensk kot moških. Za takšno zaposlitev se delavke pogosto odločijo na podlagi materinstva kot obliko usklajevanja poklicnega in družinskega življenja. K temu prispeva tradicionalna delitev vlog in nekakovostno varstvo ter nefleksibilna izraba dopustov, povezanih s starševstvom. Naslovim tudi problem neformalnega dela v povezavi z usklajevanjem družine in dela. Med nestandardnimi oblikami dela sem izpostavila še delo za določen čas, v katerem so pretežno mladi, še posebej mlade ženske, ter nevarnost veriženja takšnih pogodb. Problematičnost nestandardnih zaposlitev se kaže v elementih, ki se navezujejo na prekarnost. Prekarnost ni enaka svobodnjaštvu, ampak so zanjo značilni slabše plačilo, nižja stopnja zaposlitvene varnosti, pogosto večja intenzivnost dela, večje tveganje za diskriminacijo in kršitve delovne zakonodaje, kot so neupravičene nadure ali zloraba pogodb za določen čas in podobno. Vedno večja segmentacija med standardno zaposlenimi in drugimi delavci pomeni vedno večjo prekarizacijo, ki vpliva na več področij. Zakonodaja se spreminja, vendar pogosto ne dohaja sprememb v praksi. Potrebna je redefinicija delovnega razmerja, pojma delavca in pravic, ki izhajajo iz delovnega razmerja in imajo dolgo zgodovino. V empiričnem delu sem izvedla kvantitativno raziskavo. Primerjala sem delovne pogoje med spoloma in primerjala vzroke za zaposlitev s krajšim delovnim časom. Prav tako sem primerjala standardno zaposlene z nestandardno zaposlenimi, saj sem raziskovala, ali obstaja razlika v stopnji občutka varnosti zaposlitve in dostopa do napredovanja med prvo in drugo skupino. Izkazalo se je, da je v vzorcu več žensk izpostavljenih pogojem dela, ki bi jih lahko označili za neugodne oz. za pogoje, ki so bolj značilni za nestandardno zaposlitev. Za oba spola velja, da so se v večini primerov odločili za delo s krajšim delovnikom, ker niso mogli pridobiti standardne zaposlitve. Zaposleni za določen čas slabše ocenjujejo dostop do napredovanja, ženske v takšni obliki dela pa ocenjujejo tudi manjšo stopnjo varnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nestandardno delo, položaj žensk, krajši delovni čas, delo za določen čas, zaposlitvena varnost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113501
• Publication date in RUL: 11.01.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Gender perspective on the non-standard forms of employment

Abstract

Master's Thesis is exploring gender perspective on the non-standard forms of employment, specifically women's status who more often than men find themselves in this form of employment. In regards to this I put more attention to temporary employment and part-time employment. The later is more common form of employment among women mostly as a method of balancing work and family life. Tradicional gender roles, lack of quality child care and non-flexible use of parent leave contribute to this. Thesis also thouches the subject of non-formal home work. Young people, especially women are in danger of working and staying in temporary employment. The problem with non-standard forms of employment are precarious elements of these jobs. Flexible doesn't neccessarily mean more freedom but often less. It can also mean lower salary, lower employment stability, greater work intensity, greater risk of discrimination and of breaches of work law. Increased divide between standard job and non-standard types of employment is producing more precariousness and its affects show in many areas. Changes in law constitution are often too slow for actual happenings in work field. There is need for redefinition of concept of working person and long standing work rights. In Thesis I conducted a quantitative research in which I compared work conditions and reasons for being in part-time employment from gender's perspective. I also compared standard job employees with non-standard employees to learn if there is difference amongst them in regards to assessment of employment stability and access to job promotion. Results showed that women more often than men work in conditions which are more common in non-standard jobs. Both genders participate in part-time employment because they could not find standard job, therefore involuntarily. Temporary employed assessed having lower access to work promotion than those in standard jobs and women who are temporary employed also assessed having lower employment security.

• Keywords: non-standard employment, women's status, part-time employment, temporary employment, employment security