Vpliv vegetarijanske prehrane na zdravje otrok : diplomsko delo

Resnik, Nina (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor), Šmid, Erika (comentor)

Uvod: Cilj zdrave prehrane otrok je spodbujanje rasti in razvoja ter zdravih prehranjevalnih navad. Vedno več družin je na vegetarijanski prehrani. Osnovno načelo vegetarijanske prehrane je izogibanje živalskim proizvodom. Obstaja več različic vegetarijanske prehrane. Bolj kot je prehrana omejena, večje je tveganje za pomanjkanje nujnih hranil. Zato je pomembno posvetiti pozornost vnosu makro in mikro hranil ter zdravstveni vzgoji staršev. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti vpliv vegetarijanske prehrane na zdravje otrok. Cilj diplomskega dela je predstaviti vegetarijansko prehrano, koristi, tveganja in posledice le-te in pregled makro in mikro hranil v prehrani otrok vegetarijancev, ki so lahko v pomanjkanju. Metode dela: Za izdelavo diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani, DiKul oddaljenega dostopa in preko podatkovnih baz UpToDate, Medline, ScienceDirect in CINAHL. S pregledom domače in tuje znanstvene ter strokovne literature smo uporabili članke, ki so bili objavljeni v celotnem obsegu in izdani v obdobju med letoma 2006 in 2019. Besedilo v izbranih virih je bilo vezano na ključne besede in besedne zveze: otroci, mladostniki, vegetarijanstvo, vegetarijanska dieta, tveganja, koristi, zdravje. Rezultati: Če je vegetarijanska prehrana pravilno sestavljena in vključuje obogatena živila, lahko spodbuja zdravje in zmanjšuje tveganje za bolezni. Omejitev ali izključitev hranil živalskega izvora lahko povzroči nizek vnos esencialnih hranil. Upoštevati je treba dnevna priporočila za prehranske vlaknine, beljakovine, maščobe in maščobne kisline, vitamine A, B2 in B12, kalcij in vitamin D, železo, cink in jod. Razprava in zaključek: Za otrokovo rast in razvoj je ključnega pomena uravnotežena prehrana. Ker se vedno več družin iz različnih razlogov prehranjuje vegetarijansko, morajo biti starši dobro poučeni o pravilni sestavi in pripravi vegetarijanske prehrane otrokom. Smiselno je slediti prehranskim smernicam VegPlate Junior, ki so bile pripravljene posebej za otroke. Med rastjo so potrebe po energiji in nekaterih hranilnih snoveh višje, zato so otroci še posebej ranljivi in bolj ogroženi zaradi pomanjkanja hranil. Otroci naj bodo redno vodeni pri pediatru, da se še pravi čas odkrije morebitna pomanjkanja esencialnih hranil.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otroci, vegetarijanska dieta, koristi, tveganja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113459
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5762411
• Publication date in RUL: 08.01.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of vegetarian diet on children's health : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The goal of a healthy diet for children is to promote growth, development and healthy eating habits. More and more families are on the vegetarian diet. The basic principle of a vegetarian diet is to avoid animal products. There are several variants of the vegetarian diet. The more restricted the diet is, the greater is the risk of a lack of essential nutrients. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the intake of macro and micronutrients and the health education of parents. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the impact of vegetarian diets on children's health. The diploma thesis aims to present vegetarian diets, benefits, risks and consequences of them, review of micro and macronutrients in the diet of vegetarians and different views on the effects of vegetarian diets on children's health. Methods: A descriptive work method was used to produce a thesis. Literature was searched through the University of Ljubljana digital library, DiKul remote access and the UpToDate, Medline, ScienceDirect and CINAHL databases. The review of domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature used articles that were published in full volume and published between 2006 and 2019. The text in selected sources was related to keywords and phrases: children, adolescents, vegetarianism, vegetarian diet, risks, benefits, health. Results: If the vegetarian diet is properly put together and includes enriched foods, it can promote health and reduce the risk of diseases. Limiting or excluding nutrients of animal origin may result in low intake of essential nutrients. Daily recommendations for dietary fiber, protein, fat and fatty acids, vitamins A, B2 and B12, calcium and vitamin D, iron, zinc and iodine should be followed. Discussion and conclusion: Balanced food is crucial to a child's growth and development. As more and more families eat vegetarian for various reasons, parents must be well-informed in order to properly prepare and prepare vegetarian meals for children. It is sensible to follow the dietary guidelines (VegPlate Junior) developed specifically for children. As you grow, your energy and nutrient requirements are higher and children are especially vulnerable and more at risk of nutrient deficiency. Have your child regularly consult a pediatrician to identify the essential nutrient deficiencies at the right time.

• Keywords: children, vegetarian diet, benefits, risks