Data for studying the effect of diet and other factors on human milk and infant gut microbiota were obtained with Food frequency questionnaires and microbiological analysis of milk and feces samples from the study My milk J43606. Only 3,2 percent of participants were vegetarian. Omnivorous and fish eating study participants had a higher proportion of staphylococci and S. epidermidis in their milk. Participants who achieved recommended daily docosahexaenoic acid, DHA intake, had higher levels of Bacteroides-Prevotella and representatives of Clostridium IV in their colostrum. Higher DHA intake with diet, dietary supplements, resulted in higher levels of DHA in milk and increase of bifidobacteria in colostrum and milk. Consuming probiotics milk and soy products during pregnancy reduced levels of enterobacteria in colostrum. If mothers consumed probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri K7 during pregnancy, infants had higher levels of bifidobacteria in feces 3 days after birth. Study participants with normal BMI prior to conception and normal gestational weight gain, had lower levels of Bacteroides-Prevotella species in the colostrum and in milk. Participants with a higher weight gain had higher levels of enterobacteria in the colostrum. The infant gut microbiota were dominated by bifidobacteria in first 90 days, regardless of the feeding type, exclusively or partially breastfeed. In feces of exclusively breastfed infants were detected higher levels of staphylococci and lower of enterococci, E. faecalis and Clostridium XIV. Infants born via a C-section are more likely to be fed with milk formula and have higher levels of fecal enterococci, species of Clostridium XIV group and lower concentration of Bacteroides Prevotella representatives.
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