Hrup v vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanovah (osnovna šola) : magistrsko delo

Belc, Manca (author), Kukec, Andreja (mentor), Kacjan Žgajnar, Katarina (comentor), Jutraž, Anja (comentor)

Uvod: V današnjem času preživimo okoli 90 % svojega časa v zaprtih prostorih, kjer smo izpostavljeni raznim nenaravnim zvokom. Hrup je vsak neželen zvok, ki negativno vpliva na počutje in zdravje ljudi ter škodljivo vpliva na okolje. Namen: Pridobiti podatke, kolikšnim ravnem hrupa so izpostavljeni zaposleni pri opravljanju svojega dela na opazovani Osnovni šoli. Metode dela: Osredotočili smo se na zaposlene, otroci v raziskavo niso bili vključeni. Naloga je razdeljena na šest delov: samoocena hrupa zaposlenih (vprašanja o izpostavljenosti in zdravstvenih težavah zaradi izpostavljenosti hrupu), ocena stanja stavbe in njene okolice, (pregled okolice stavbe, velikost in orientacija prostorov, izvedba in materiali notranje opreme), meritve hrupa (v skladu s SIST ISO 9612:2009, z merilnim inštrumentom Brüel & Kjar 2260 Investigator. Meritve so potekale v ponedeljek, sredo in petek v učilnicah, avli, telovadnici, jedilnici in garderobi. Merili smo ekvivalentno raven hrupa, konično raven hrupa ter ocenjeno raven hrupa z impulzivno korekcijo - LAI,Te), namestitev elektorskega ušesa (namestitev v jedilnici za poskusno obdobje), pregled učinkovitosti uporabe elektronskega ušesa in korektivni ukrepi (organizacijski, pedagoški, gradbenotehnični). Rezultati: Po pregledu okolice šole smo spoznali, da le-ta nima vpliva na notranji hrup. Z analizo prostorov smo ugotovili, da prevladujejo materiali: les, beton in opeka. Popis opreme je pokazal, da je le-ta iz kovine in lesa (vsi uporabljeni materiali bolj odbijajo zvok kot absorbirajo). Najbolj hrupen dan v tednu je ponedeljek. Najvišje LAI,Te (povprečno 87,67 dB) so v avli šole, kar presega predpisano mejno vrednot 87 dB. Zgornja opozorilna vrednost 85 dB je presežena v jedilnici v času kosila in malice (86 dB). Spodnja opozorilna vrednost 80 dB je presežena v garderobi (82,9 dB). Uporaba elektronskega ušesa in izveden organizacijski ukrep je občutno zmanjšal hrup v jedilnici. Razprava in zaključek: Pripravili smo enostaven obrazec za celostno oceno stanja stavbe in splošen spisek najbolj pogostih korektivnih ukrepov za vse osnovne šole, ki imajo težave s hrupom, predvsem z zdravjem uporabnikov stavbe ter kakovostnim izvajanjem izobraževalne dejavnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: hrup, osnovna šola, vpliv na zdravje zaposlenih, ukrepi
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113276
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5755499
• Publication date in RUL: 18.12.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Noise in educational institutions (primary school) : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, we spend about 90% of our time inside, where we are exposed to various unnatural sounds. Noise is each unwanted sound which has a negative impact on our feeling and health and has an adverse effect on the environment. Purpose: To obtain data about the levels of noise that the employees at the primary school concerned are exposed to. Methods of work: The focus was on the employees while children were not the subject of the research. The thesis is divided in six parts: self-assessment of noise by employees (questions about the exposure and health issues resulting from the exposure to noise), a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the building and its surroundings (examination of the surrounding of the building, the size and orientation of rooms, interior equipment layout and materials), measuring the noise (in accordance with SIST ISO 9612:2009, measuring instrument Brüel & Kjær 2260 Investigator. Measurements were done on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, in classrooms, lobby, gym, dining room and changing rooms. The following were measured: equivalent noise level, peak noise level and estimated noise level with impulsive correction - LAI,Te), installing an electronic ear (installing in the dining room for a trial period of time), review of efficiency of an electronic ear and corrective measures (organisational, teaching and construction and technical measures). Results: Examination of the surrounding of the school showed that it does not affect the noise inside. Analysis of the premises showed that the prevailing materials are wood, concrete and bricks, while the inventory of equipment included metal and wood (all the materials used bounce rather than absorb noise). The noisiest day in the week was Monday. The highest LAI,Te (average 87.67 dB) were recorded in the school lobby, which exceeds the limit value of 87 dB. The upper exposure value of 85 dB is exceeded in the dining room during breakfast and lunch (86 dB). The bottom exposure value of 80 dB is exceeded in the changing room (82.9 dB). Use of an electronic ear and an organisational measure implemented resulted in a substantially decreased noise in the dining room. Discussion and conclusion: A simple form for a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the building and a list of the most common corrective measures have been prepared, which can be applied by all primary schools which have problems with noise, mainly with the health of the users of the building and consequently with carrying out the educational activity.

• Keywords: noise, primary school, effect on the health of employees, measures