Najpogostejše bolezni kože, ki nastanejo zaradi ultravijoličnega sevanja in vloga medicinske sestre : diplomsko delo

Vujanović, Branka (author), Sotler, Robert (mentor)

Uvod: Ultravijolično sevanje je del sončne svelobe, ki ga delimo na ultravijolične žarke A, B in C in ga s čutili ne zaznamo. Ultravijolični žarki A so glavni povzročitelji fotodermatoz, staranja kože in zaradi poškodbe deoksiribonukleinske kisline sodelujejo pri nastanku kožnega raka. Ultravijočni žarki B pa sodelujejo pri nastanku vitamina D in z neposredno poškodbo deoksiribonukleinske kisline in imunosupresivnim delovanjem povzročajo kožnega raka, ki je najpogostejša oblika raka pri ljudeh. Ločimo melanomsko in nemelanomsko obliko. Maligni melanom predstavlja prbližno 5 % vseh kožnih rakov, odgovoren pa je za več kot 90 % vseh smrti, povezanih s kožnim rakom. Zato je zelo pomembna preventiva in upoštevanje splošnih priporočil za zaščito pred škodljivimi učinki UV-sevanja. Namen: Predstaviti želimo škodljive učinke ultravijoličnega sevanja na kožo in ugotoviti, kakšno vlogo ima pri tem medicinska sestra. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Pri iskanju literature smo uporabili časovno obdobje od leta 2010-2019. Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku preko podatkovnih baz CINAHL, MedLine in Web of Science s pomočjo iskalnikov PubMed in EBSCOhost. Ključne besede so bile ultravijolično, sevanje, koža, preventiva, melanom in zaščita. Rezultati: Na podlagi pregleda literature smo ugotovili, da je kožni rak najpogostejša maligna bolezen na svetu in prizadane moške in ženske vseh barv kože ter predstavlja veliko skrb za javno zdravje zaradi hitro naraščujoče incidence. Pomembno vlogo pri preventivi pa ima tudi medicinska sestra, ki deluje na primarni, sekundarni in terciarni ravni. Na primarni ravni je poudarek na ozaveščanju prebivalstva, na sekundarni ravni na zgodnjem odkrivanju in terciarni na nadaljnjem spremljanju pacientovega stanja. V pomoč so tudi različne nacionalne kampanje oz. preventivni programi in referenčne ambulante, pri katerih je poudarek na izvajanju preventivnega presejanja. Razprava in zaključek: Najbolj varna in učinkovita zaščita je izogibanje soncu. Čeprav se sončni svetlobi težko izognemo in deluje blagodejno na naše razpoloženje ter je potrebna že zaradi sinteze vitamina D, vseeno ne smemo pozabiti na negativne učinke, ki so danes že potrjeni z neštetimi raziskavami.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ultravijolično, sevanje, koža, preventiva, melanom, zaščita
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113211
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5751403
• Publication date in RUL: 13.12.2019

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown
• Title: The most common skin diseases caused by ultraviolet radiation and the role of the nurse : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Ultraviolet radiation is present in sunlight and is divided into ultraviolet A, B and C rays, and cannot be detected by human senses. UltravioletA rays are the major cause of photodermatoses, skin aging, and lead to skin cancer due to deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Ultraviolet B rays are necessary for vitamin D production and cause skin cancer, most common type of cancer in humans, with direct deokxyribonucleic acid damage and immunosuppressive action. We differentiate between melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Malignant melanoma accounts for approximately 5% of all skin cancers, and is responsible for over 90% of all skin cancer related deaths. Therefore, prevention and consideration of general guidelines on protection against harmful effects of UV radiation is very importantAim: We want to introduce the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin and determine the role of a nurse in prevention. Methods: We used a descriptive method in the diploma thesis. When searching for literature, we focused on the period from 2010 to 2019. We searched for literature in English and Slovenian in the CINAHL, MedLine and Web of Science databases, using the PubMed and EBSCOhost search engines. The key words were ultraviolet, radiation, skin, prevention, melanoma, and protection. Results: Based on the literature overview, we determined that skin cancer is the most common malignant disease in the world and affects men and women of all skin tones, and is a major public health concern due to its rapidly increasing incidence. Nurse, working in primary, secondary and tertiary level, also has in important role in prevention. The focus in primary level is to raise awareness, in secondary early detection, and in tertiary the follow up of patient’s condition. Various national campaigns and preventive programs are also helpful, as well as referral clinics that focus on preventive screening. Discussion and conclusion: The safest and most effective protection is to avoid the sun. Although sunlight is hard to avoid and has beneficial effects on our mood, and is necessary for vitamin D synthesis, we must keep in mind the negative effects confirmed by countless studies.

• Keywords: ultraviolet, radiation, skin, prevention, melanoma, protection