Varne sobe za injiciranje drog : diplomsko delo

Raušl, Matic (avtor), Lapanja, Aljoša (mentor)

Uvod: Sobe za varno injiciranje prepovedanih drog so fizične nastavitve, kjer si lahko uporabniki drog injicirajo predhodno pridobljene droge pod nadzorom zdravstvenih delavcev. Namenjene so spodbujanju varnejšega injekcijskega vedenja in preprečevanju prenosa okužb, prenosljivih s krvjo. V okviru varnih sob je uporabnikom zagotovljena sterilna oprema za injiciranje drog, prva pomoč v primeru prevelikega odmerka, dostop do zdravstvene oskrbe ter napotitev na primarne zdravstvene storitve. Namen: S pomočjo pregleda literature predstaviti pomen varnih sob za injiciranje in opredeliti vlogo zdravstvenega osebja v njej. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela s sistematičnim pregledom domače in tuje znanstvene ter strokovne literature s področja varnih sob za injiciranje. Uporabljen je bil mrežnik EBSCO host, v okviru katerega je iskanje potekalo po podatkovnih bazah CINAHL in MEDLINE. Iskanje literature je potekalo še v Vzajemni bibliografsko-kataložni bazi podatkov COBIB.SI. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 60 člankov. Rezultati: Programi varnih sob za injiciranje drog zmanjšujejo prenos bolezni, ki se prenašajo s krvjo, število smrtnih primerov zaradi prevelikih odmerkov, število okužb kože in mehkih tkiv ter število potreb po intervencijah nujne medicinske pomoči in število hospitalizacij. Hkrati so varne sobe stroškovno učinkovite. Izvaja se zdravstveno-vzgojno delo za zmanjševanje škode, aktivnosti v povezavi s prevelikimi odmerki drog, nudi se prva pomoč in usmerjanje in spodbujanje v nadaljnje zdravstvene in socialne storitve oz. na zdravljenje odvisnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskav potrjujejo številne zdravstvene, socialne in gospodarske koristi varnih sob za injiciranje. Uporaba varnih sob je povezana s sprejetjem varnejšega vedenja pri injiciranju, kar vpliva tudi na varnejše odstranjevanje brizg in igel. Kljub velikemu številu dokazov, ki prepoznavajo vlogo varnih sob za ublažitev nekaterih individualnih in populacijskih tveganj, povezanih z uporabo drog za injiciranje, pa v Sloveniji kljub večletnim prizadevanjem za vzpostavitev programa in zagona omenjenih objektov iz različnih strani, varne sobe še nimamo. Realne potrebe po tovrstnem programu pri nas so, saj bi s pomočjo varnih sob lahko dosegli najbolj skrito in rizično populacijo ter ji s pomočjo, ki je na voljo v omenjenih objektih, lahko pomagali. Varne sobe predvidevajo zaposlitev visokošolsko izobraženega zdravstvenega delavca, ki bi moral poleg strokovnega znanja zdravstvene nege imeti tudi socialne spretnosti, znanje o drogah in odvisnosti.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: duševno zdravje, odvisnost od prepovedanih drog, psihoaktivne substance, varnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113000
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5738091
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.11.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Supervised injection facilities : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Safe injection rooms are facilities where drug users can inject pre-obtained drugs under the supervision of trained health professionals. Their purpose is to promote safe injecting behaviour and reduce the transmission of blood-borne diseases. Users of safe injection rooms are provided with sterile injection equipment, first aid in case of an overdose, access to basic health care, and treatment referrals. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to demonstrate the importance of safe injection rooms and define the role of healthcare professionals present there by conducting a literature review. Methods: We employed the descriptive method of research by systematically reviewing the available Slovenian and English literature on the subject of safe injection rooms. EBSCOhost was used to search the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases for articles. We also used the COBIB.SI bibliographic database. 60 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: Safe injection room programmes reduce the transmission of blood-borne diseases, the number of overdose deaths, skin and soft tissue infections, as well as the number of emergency medical interventions and hospitalizations. At the same time, safe injection rooms are cost-effective. Nurses work in safe injection rooms provide education on health and harm-reduction, respond to overdoses, provide basic health care, offer advice, and give referrals for additional health and social services, particularly treatment for drug addiction. Discussion and conclusion: Research findings confirm the health, social, and economic benefits of safe injection rooms. The use of safe injection rooms is associated with the adoption of safer injecting behaviours and safe syringe removal. In spite of the overwhelming amount of evidence in support of safe injection rooms and their impact on reducing individual and population risks associated with drug injection, and in spite of years of efforts by in this area, not a single safe injection room has ever been opened in Slovenia. There is a real need for such a programme as safe injection rooms are able to reach the most marginalized and at-risk populations and provide them with help. Safe injection rooms require the employment of nurses with higher education who, in addition to their nursing expertise, also possess social skills and have a knowledge of drugs and addiction.

• Ključne besede: mental health, drug addiction, psychoactive substances, safety