Ugotavljanje faktorjev raztresenosti najpogostejših gradiv pri zemeljskih delih v gozdnem gradbeništvu

Mihelič, Jan (author), Kobal, Milan (mentor), Robek, Robert (comentor)

Urejanje hudourniških območij in gradnja gozdnih prometnic danes potekajo na erozijsko občutljivih terenih. Za določanje transportnih količin izkopanih hribin je poleg geometrije del nujno poznati tudi pripadajoče raztresne faktorje. V nalogi smo določili povprečne raztresne faktorje za karbonatne nanose, kompaktne karbonatne kamnine in zemljine. Določili smo stisljivostni faktor za kompaktne karbonatne kamnine. Vsako delovišče smo posneli z brezpilotnim zrakoplovom pred izvedbo izkopa ter po vsakih 3 m3 ± 1 m3 izkopanega materiala. Dosežena povprečna gostota terenskih točk je znašala 9.535 točk/m2, povprečna natančnost georeferenciranja vseh posnetkov pa ± 0,008 m (RMSE). Povprečni raztresni faktor za karbonatne nanose je 15,6 %, za zemljino 20,4 % ter za kompaktne karbonatne kamnine 42,2 %. Povprečni stisljivostni faktor za kompaktne karbonatne kamnine znaša 4,2 %. Ugotovljeni faktorji zemljin in karbonatnih nanosov se dobro ujemajo z razpoložljivo literaturo, faktor za kompaktno karbonatno kamnino pa je za 20 % nižji od podatkov, ki so se do sedaj uporabljali v slovenskem gozdarstvu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gozdno gradbeništvo, zemeljska dela, izkop, nasip, faktor raztresenosti, fotogrametrija, brezpilotni zrakoplov, oblak točk, prostornine zemeljskih mas
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [J. Mihelič]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112957
• UDC: 630*38(043.2)=163.6
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5574054
• Publication date in RUL: 24.11.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Determining expansion factors for most common materials in forest engineering

Abstract

Arranging torrent areas and building forest roads in Slovenia are mostly happening in steep and erosional areas. For estimating haulage masses is beside the geometry of extrapolated works necessarily to know expansion factors. We have determined expansion factors for carbonate deposits, compact carbonate rocks and gravel. We have also determined average shrinkage factor for mixed soils. Each workplace was recorded with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) before the excavation and after every 3 m3 ± 1 m3 of excavated material. Average point cloud density was 9535 points/m2. With processing point clouds from each work place we have determined a difference in volume between volume of excavated area and volume of deposited material. Average expansion factor for carbonate deposits is 15.6%, for soil 20.4%, for compact carbonate rock 42.2%. Average shrinkage factor for compact rock is 4.2%. Calculated expansion factors for soils and carbonate deposits are matching with known factors, factor for compact rock is 20% lower than factors that are now using in Slovenian forest engineering.

• Keywords: forest engineering, survey, excavation, embankment, bulking factor, shrinkage factor, photogrammetry, dense point cloud, UAV, volume calculations