Primerjava ocenjevalnih orodij za oceno bolečine pri pacientih z demenco v kliničnem okolju. : diplomsko delo

Benc, Jana (author), Pajnič, Manca (mentor)

IZVLEČEK Uvod: Osebe z demenco, z okvaro kognitivnih funkcij možganov in spremenjenega doživljanja, ne znajo opisati svoje bolečine, zato je bolečina nepravilno ocenjena in zdravljena. Vrednost bolečine ocenimo s pomočjo orodij za oceno bolečine, ki so razvita na podlagi opazovanja pacientove neverbalne komunikacije. Za oceno bolečine pri osebah z demenco je več kot 17 orodij in razvijajo še nova. Medicinske sestre imajo pomembno vlogo pri oceni bolečine s pomočjo orodij. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti težave pri oceni bolečine oseb z demenco. Želeli smo ugotoviti, katera orodja za oceno bolečine pri osebah z demenco se najpogosteje uporabljajo v kliničnih okoljih po svetu ter narediti primerjavo med njimi. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s pregledom tuje in slovenske literature. Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem jeziku s ključnimi besedami: assessing pain AND assessing pain tools AND dementia AND nurse, in sicer v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, MEDLINE in COBIB.SI. V analizo smo vključili 60 virov, ki ustrezajo vključitvenim kriterijem: ustreznost, aktualnost in verodostojnost. Rezultati: Orodja za oceno bolečine se uporabljajo za osebe z demenco, ki ne morejo opisati svoje bolečine. V kliničnih okoljih uporabljajo različna orodja, ki so primerna za osebe z demenco. Najpogosteje se uporabljata orodji PAINAD in PACSLAC II. Novo orodje je orodje ALGOPLUS za oceno akutne bolečine. Razvili so novejše orodje PAIC 15, ki je še v fazi preizkušanja. Strokovnjaki, ki se ukvarjajo z izdelavo orodij za oceno bolečine, razvijajo univerzalno orodje, ki bo veljavno in uporabno po celem svetu. Poleg izobraženih medicinskih sester je potrebno v proces ocene bolečine z uporabo orodij vključiti tudi druge strokovnjake v zdravstvu, ki se ukvarjajo s pacienti. Razprava in zaključek: Posledice neprepoznanih bolečin pri osebah z demenco so različne osebnostne motnje, depresija, apatija in motnje hranjenja. Zaradi nepravilne ocene bolečin pri osebah z demenco se uporablja neustrezna količina analgetikov in antipsihotikov. Potrebno se je zavzemati za uporabo validiranega orodja za oceno bolečine, kot se uporablja v svetu. Ključno vlogo za uporabo orodij imajo medicinske sestre, ki morajo znati uporabljati orodja, ki so narejena za oceno bolečine pri osebah z demenco. Ključne besede: bolečina, osebe z demenco, orodje za oceno bolečine, medicinska sestra

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bolečina, osebe z demenco, orodje za oceno bolečine, medicinska sestra
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112939
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5734251
• Publication date in RUL: 23.11.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of pain assessment tools for patients with dementia in a clinical setting. : diploma work

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Persons with dementia, impaired cognitive functions and altered perception, are unable to describe their pain; as a result, their pain is incorrectly assessed and treated. Pain intensity is assessed using pain assessment instruments, which have been developed by observing patients' non-verbal communication. More than 17 instruments are currently available for assessing pain in persons with dementia, and new ones are being developed. Nurses have an important role in assessing pain with the help of instruments. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the challenges encountered when assessing pain in persons with dementia. I furthermore, we wanted to determine which instruments for assessing pain in persons with dementia are most often used in clinical settings around the world and to draw a comparison. Methods: The diploma thesis uses a descriptive method with a review of foreign and Slovenian literature. The literature was searched in the English language using the following search terms: assessing pain AND assessing pain instruments AND dementia AND nurse, namely in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and COBIB.SI. The analysis included 60 sources that matched the inclusion criteria: relevance, topicality and credibility. Results: Pain assessment instruments are used for persons with dementia who are unable to describe their pain. Different instruments suitable for persons with dementia are being used in clinical settings. The two instruments most often used are PAINAD and PACSLAC II. The instrument ALGOPLUS is a new instrument for assessing acute pain. The instrument PAIC 15 has been developed recently but it is still in the testing phase. Experts involved in the production of pain assessment tools are developing a universal tool that will be valid and useful worldwide. Besides educated nurses, other medical experts who deal with patients will have to become involved in the assessment of pain using instruments. Discussion and conclusion: The consequences of unrecognized pain in persons with dementia are various personality disorders, depression, apathy and eating disorders. Due to an incorrect assessment of pain, persons with dementia are taking inappropriate amounts of analgesics and antipsychotics. We must advocate too use valid tools as are in used around the world. Nurses play a key role in the use of such instrument; they must know how to use the tool designed for assessing pain in persons with dementia. Keywords: pain, persons with dementia, pain assessment instrument, nurse

• Keywords: pain, person with dementia, pain assessment instrument, nurse