Dejavniki tveganja za pojav bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta med mladostniki : diplomsko delo

Dovč, Ana (author), Kacin, Alan (mentor), Drobnič, Matej (comentor)

Uvod: Bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta pri otrocih in mladostnikih je bolečina, ki se pojavi do devetnajstega leta starosti in je lokalizirana pod rebrnim lokom ter nad spodnjo glutealno gubo s pridruženo bolečino v nogah ali brez nje. Med dejavnike, ki vplivajo na razvoj bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta pri mladostnikih sodijo starost, spol, antropometrične značilnosti, mišična zmogljivost, gibljivost, dednost, čas uporabe zaslonov, telesna dejavnost, s šolo povezani dejavniki tveganja, kajenje, motnje spanja in psihosocialni dejavniki. Pojav bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta v obdobju odraščanja je pomemben napovednik za pojav bolečine tudi v odrasli dobi, zato je izrednega pomena čimprejšnje prepoznavanje in preprečevanje bolečine. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature predstaviti dejavnike tveganja za razvoj bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta med mladostniki. Metode dela: Pri diplomskem delu smo kot metodo dela uporabili pregled literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo s pomočjo podatkovnih zbirk Cobiss, PubMed, Medline, ResearchGate, Crossref ter je bilo omejeno na slovenski in angleški jezik. Rezultati: Pojavnost bolečin v spodnjem delu hrbta se med mladostniki povečuje. Prepoznani dejavniki tveganja so ženski spol, hitra rast, zmanjšana telesna vzdržljivost, zmanjšana zmogljivost mišic trupa, zmanjšana gibljivost v kolčnem in kolenskem sklepu, telesna neaktivnost, prakticiranje športa na visoki ravni, dolgotrajno nošenje pretežke šolske torbe, kajenje, motne spanja, izpostavljenost psihološkem stresu. Razprava in zaključek: Dejavniki tveganja za razvoj bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta še niso dovolj dokazani; izsledki raziskav so si nasprotujoči, zato so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave. Ozaveščanje mladih o pomenu zdravja hrbtenice, primarni in sekundarni preventivni ukrepi za telesno nedejavne mladostnike, prepoznavanje simptomov, redni zdravniški pregledi za mlade športnike in zavedanje možnosti razvoja redkih, a izjemno resnih patologij so temelj učinkovite in uspešne obravnave bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta med mladostniki.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bolečina v križu, mladi, dejavniki tveganja, fizioterapija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112860
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5731947
• Publication date in RUL: 16.11.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Risk factors for the development of low back pain in adolescence : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Low back pain in children and adolescents is located under the rib arc and above the lower gluteal fold with or without leg pain in the age range up to nineteen years. Among the most significant risk factors of developing low back pain among adolescents are age, gender, anthropometric parameters, muscular performance and flexibility, biological factors, daily screen time, physical activity, school-related risk factors, smoking, sleep disorders, and psychosocial factors. The occurrence of low back pain in adolescence is an important predictor of low back pain occurrence in adulthood. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify and prevent low back pain as soon as possible. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present the risk factors for the development of low back pain among adolescents through literature review. Methods: A literature review was used as a method of work. The literature search was carried out using the Cobiss, PubMed, Medline, ResearchGate, and Crossref databases and was limited to Slovenian and English language. Results: The prevalence of low back pain is increasing among adolescents. The factors associated with the occurrence of low back pain include the female sex, rapid growth, decreased physical endurance, decreased muscular capacity of the trunk muscles, reduced flexibility in the hip and knee joint, physical inactivity, high-level sporting practice, prolonged carrying of heavy school bags, the type of school furniture, smoking, sleep disorders, and exposure to psychological stress. Discussion and conclusion: The proposed risk factors for lower back pain lack strong evidence. The research findings are often contradictory hence further research in this regard is needed. Awareness of young people about the importance of spinal health, primary and secondary prevention measures for physically inactive adolescents, early recognition of pain symptoms, regular medical examinations for young athletes and awareness of potential rare but extremely serious underlying pathologies are the cornerstones of an effective treatment for low back pain in adolescents.

• Keywords: low back pain, adolescents, risk factors