Ocenjevanje reakcijskih časov in vadbe s pomočjo naprav z vidnim dražljajem pri športnikih - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Zoroja, Monika (author), Puh, Urška (mentor), Palma, Polona (comentor)

Uvod: Vid je čutni sistem, s katerim sprejemamo dražljaje iz zunanjega okolja. Športnik med tekmo prejme kar 85 do 90 % informacij prek vidnega priliva. Z namenom izboljšanja vidnega sistema in sposobnosti motoričnega odziva na vidne dražljaje se med vrhunskimi športniki uporabljajo različne metode, med katerimi zadnje čase izstopa vadba z vidnimi dražljaji. V ta namen so mnogi proizvajalci razvili naprave z vidnim dražljajem, ki jih navadno sestavljajo zaslon in svetleče točke. Reakcijski čas je definiran kot čas, ki preteče od začetnega stika z nekim dražljajem do začetnega odziva organizma nanj. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil pregledati raziskave, v katerih so uporabili naprave za ocenjevanje reakcijskih časov s pomočjo vidnih dražljajev in vadbo, ter primerjati protokole ocenjevanja, vadbe in izmerjene reakcijske čase pri športnikih. Metode dela: Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem in italijanskem jeziku v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL in ScienceDirect. Samostojno ali v kombinaciji so bile uporabljene ključne besede: reaction time, response time, visual stimulus, light stimulus, visual reaction time, measurement, training, exercise, visual training, visual therapy, athletes, sport, tempo di reazione, stimolo visivo. Rezultati: V pregled smo vključili pet raziskav s kontrolno skupino in dve raziskavi s placebo skupino. Skupno so v vseh raziskavah uporabili štiri različne naprave in sedem ocenjevalnih protokolov reakcijskega časa. V vseh raziskavah so poročali o izboljšanju reakcijskega časa po večtedenski vadbi z vidnimi dražljaji, pri štirih raziskavah je bilo izboljšanje statistično značilno. Za statistično značilno izboljšanje reakcijskega časa je bilo potrebnih vsaj 540 minut vadbe z vidnimi dražljaji. Razprava in zaključek: Dosedanje raziskave nakazujejo vpliv vadbe z vidnimi dražljaji na izboljšanje reakcijskega časa, po drugi strani pa je področje še slabo raziskano in rezultate težko posplošimo. Tovrstno vadbo bi bilo smiselno vključiti tudi na področju fizioterapije in ne le športnega treniranja, s čimer bi paciente dodatno motivirali in jim omogočili povratno informacijo o njihovih spretnostih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: reakcijski čas, svetlobni dražljaj, naprave z vidnim dražljajem, vadba z vidnimi dražljaji, dinamični športi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112726
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5727595
• Publication date in RUL: 08.11.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Reaction time and exercise measurement with visual stimulus devices in athletes - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Vision is a sensory system we use to receive external stimuli. Athletes acquire from 85 to 90 % of information through vision. Elite athletes use different methods to improve reaction time. One of the current methods, which is gaining popularity, is visual training. Therefore, many manufacturers developed visual stimulus devices, which are usually composed of a screen and several light-emitting points. Reaction time is defined as the time between the beginning of a stimulus and the initiation of a reaction to it. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work was to analyse and compare reaction time measurements, training programs and the effects of visual training on athlete’s reaction time. Methods: Studies used in our work were written in English or Italian language and have been collected from the following literature databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Science Direct. We used the following key words alone or in combination with one another: reaction time, response time, visual stimulus, light stimulus, visual reaction time, measurement, training, exercise, visual training, visual therapy, athletes, sport, tempo di reazione, stimolo visivo. Results: Five studies were included in this diploma work, all of which included control groups. Additionally, two studies also included placebo groups. Altogether four different devices and seven different reaction time measurement protocols have been used in these studies. All of the studies have reported an improvement in reaction time after several weeks’ long training with visual stimuli, four of which have also been statistically significant. A minimum of 540 minutes of visual training was needed for statistically significant improvement of reaction time. Discussion and conclusion: The studies so far indicate a positive effect of visual training on reaction time. On the other hand, it is difficult to extrapolate the results of those studies to the other parts of the population other than the athletes, as the subject is not well researched yet. This kind of exercise should be used not only by sport coaches but also by physical therapists, so the patients can be extra motivated and get feedback about their visual skills.

• Keywords: reaction time, visual stimulus, visual stimulus devices, visual training, dynamic sports