Poznavanje in obravnava anafilaksije pri otroku : diplomsko delo

Pirc, Jani (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor), Hren, Mateja (comentor)

Uvod: Alergije sodijo med najpogostejše zdravstvene probleme razvitega sveta. 10 % otrok ima vsaj nekaj časa simptome alergije, ki lahko povzročijo anafilaksijo. Anafilaksija je resna, življenje ogrožajoča generalizirana ali sistemska preobčutljivostna reakcija. Razvije se v nekaj minutah do nekaj ur po stiku z alergenom in hitro napreduje. Napredujoča oblika se zdravi z adrenalinom, ki ga je potrebno čim prej intramuskularno injicirati. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo tuje in domače literature predstaviti obravnavo anfilaksije pri otroku, ki vključuje prepoznavo simptomov in znakov anafilaksije ter zdravljenje, zdravstveno vzgojo glede preprečevanja alergije in pravilne uporabe samoinjektorja adrenalina. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bil izveden pregled domače in tuje literature z iskanjem strokovnih in znanstvenih člankov. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela. Iskanje virov je bilo omejeno na raziskave in objave prispevkov med leti 2009 in 2019. Rezultati: Anafilaksija je življenjsko ogrožajoča, generalizirana preobčutljivostna reakcija, ki se razvije hitro in katere del so življenjsko ogrožajoči simptomi in znaki prizadetosti dihal in kardiovaskularnega sistema. Pri otrocih je najpogostejša anafilaksija na hrano. Kljub temu da je adrenalin prvo zdravilo izbora, se za zdravljenje anafilaksije uporabi premalokrat, oziroma se anafilaksijo ne prepozna kot resno stanje. Znanje o anafilaksiji je trenutno pomanjkljivo tudi v vzgojnoizobraževalnih ustanovah, kjer doživi prvo epizodo anafilaksije kar četrtina otrok. Razprava in sklep: Anafilaksija je življenjsko ogrožajoče stanje, pojavi se nenadoma in lahko prizadene vse organske sisteme. Ker do anafilaksije najpogosteje pride izven doma, je pomembno, da imajo zaposleni v vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanovah ustrezno znanje o simptomih in znakih anafilaksije in ukrepih po smernicah. Obvezna bi bila redna izobraževanja za zdravstveno osebje in za različne skrbnike otrok, ki so neposredno v stiku z njimi tako doma kot tudi v vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanovah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otrok, alergija, anafilaksija, adrenalin
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112714
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5727083
• Publication date in RUL: 07.11.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Knowledge and treatment of anaphylaxis in a child : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Allergies are among the most common health problems in the developed world, with 10% of all children experiencing allergy symptoms for at least some time. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylactic reactions usually start within minutes of contact with the allergen, but they can also happen an hour or more later and they progress rapidly. The advanced form must be treated with intramuscular injection of adrenaline, which should be completed (usually shot of adrenaline in the thigh) as soon as possible. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the treatment and knowledge of anaphylaxis in a child, through the help of domestic and foreign literature, which includes the recognition of symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis, the role of the person in charge in the treatment and proper use of the adrenaline self-injector. Methods: In the diploma thesis, the review of domestic and foreign literature was carried out with the search for professional and scientific articles. A descriptive research method was used. The survey was limited to articles and published research between 2009 and 2019. Results: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening generalized hypersensitivity reaction that develops in minutes and part of it are life-threatening symptoms, as well signs of respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Food anaphylaxis is the most common in children. Although adrenaline is the treatment of choice, we don't use it often enough. In most cases like this, anaphylaxis is unrecognized. Knowledge of anaphylaxis is also lacking in educational institutions, where as many as a quarter of children experience the first episode of anaphylaxis. Discussion and conclusion: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition, occurs suddenly, and can affect all organ systems. Becuse anaphylaxis is most commonly occuring outside our home, it is important that employees of educational institutions have the necessary knowledge of the symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis, and can take appropriate measures. Regular education for health care staff and the various child caregivers who are in direct contact with them, both at home and in educational institutions, would be required.

• Keywords: child, allergy, anaphylaxis, adrenaline