Introduction: Chronic kidney disease affects more and more people nowadays. Those susceptible to chronic kidney disease are mainly patients with diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, as well as overweight individuals and all individuals over the age of 50. To a certain extent, chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia can be managed through diet and exercise, and by avoiding risk factors. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to present hyperkalemia in combination with chronic kidney disease and to describe dietary and exercise guidelines for patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Methods: The method of research used is descriptive – the diploma work is based on academic literature, published by Slovenian and other authors between the years 2009 and 2019. The literature was sourced through the following databases: COBIB.SI, CHINAHL, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Results: To avoid further complications of chronic kidney disease, some dietary restrictions must be implemented. The patient must consume an appropriate amount of nutrients, and monitor the ratio between proteins, carbohydrates and fats. It is important to restrict salt, potassium and liquid intake. Strength training reduces muscle atrophy while aerobic exercise (walking, cycling and swimming) maintains cardiovascular health. Regular physical exercise improves quality of life and increases the level of physical performance and efficiency. It reduces depression and the concentration of inflammatory proteins, as well as blood pressure. Discussion and conclusion: Some foreign chronic kidney disease guidelines recommend becoming vegetarian or partially vegetarian. Plant based diets reduce the presence of several factors, which contribute to disease progression, such as hypertension, uremic toxins, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.
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