Vzgojiteljeva pomoč otroku, ki je izgubil starša

Rebolj, Neja (author), Prosen, Simona (mentor)

Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela pišem o smrti otroku ljubljene osebe: starega starša, sorojenca ali starša. Nadaljujem z opisovanjem faz otrokovega žalovanja in nekaterimi značilnostmi vsake faze ter z opisovanjem razumevanja smrti pri različno starih otrocih. Nato pišem o tem, na kakšen način vzgojitelj ob izgubi lahko pristopa tako k otroku kot drugemu staršu in česa naj se izogiba, da jima bo čim bolj v pomoč. V empiričnem delu predstavljam odgovore štirih intervjuvank, treh vzgojiteljic in ene pomočnice vzgojiteljice, ki so imele v preteklosti primer smrti starša otroka v svoji skupini. Z intervjuji sem želela ugotoviti, na kakšen način so intervjuvanke pristopale k otroku, ki je izgubil starša, ali in kakšne spremembe so opazile v njegovem vedenju, kako so sodelovale z drugim staršem ter na kakšnem način so v preteklosti in po tem dogodku v vrtcu obravnavale temo smrti. Odgovore intervjuvank sem kvalitativno analizirala in med kodiranjem naredila pet kategorij, ki se navezujejo na postavljena raziskovalna vprašanja. To so: način smrti starša, spontano nadaljevanje dela v vrtcu in pogovori o smrti, sodelovanje z drugim staršem, žalovanje ter priložnostni pogovori o smrti. Ugotovila sem, da so intervjuvanke otroku, ki je izgubil starša, pomagale na različne načine: z otrokom so se pogovarjale o smrti, ena izmed vzgojiteljic je deklico želela čim bolj zaposliti, da bi se čim manj spominjala izgube, poskusile so ohraniti čim večji del rutine, da otrok ne bi čutil še večjih sprememb. Otroci so kazali več znakov žalovanja, npr. večjo potrebo po pozornosti, spremembe v vedenju, motnje spanja, regresivno vedenje pri hranjenju. Sodelovanje z drugim staršem je bilo v vseh primerih dobro, a v enem primeru se je začelo šele nekaj mesecev po dogodku, saj mama pred tem ni bila pripravljena na pogovor. Vse štiri intervjuvanke so se z otroki v vrtcu pripravljene priložnostno pogovarjati o smrti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: smrt starša
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111821
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12631369
• Publication date in RUL: 21.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Preschool teacher's assistance to a child who lost his parent

Abstract

The diploma thesis consists of the theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, I write about death of a child’s loved one – a grandparent, sibling or parent. I continue with describing the stages of the child’s mourning and some of the characteristics of each stage and understanding of death in differently aged children. In the following part, I write about how a preschool teacher can approach both the child and the other parent and what to avoid to help them as much as possible. In the empirical part, I present the answers of four interviewees, three preschool teachers and one preschool teacher`s assistant, who had a case of a death of a parent of a child in their group in the past. Through interviews, I wanted to find out how the interviewees approached the child, who lost a parent and what changes they noticed in their behaviour, how they cooperated with the other parent and how they dealt with the topic of death in the past and after the event. I qualitatively analysed the interviewees` answers and used a coding process to make five categories that relate to the research questions asked. These are: the way of death of a parent, spontaneous continuation of work in the kindergarten and talking about death, cooperation with the other parent, mourning and casual talks about death. I found that interviewees helped the child, who had lost a parent, in different ways: they talked with him about death, one of the preschool teachers wanted to keep a girl as busy as possible so that she would not remember the loss all the time, they tried to keep up with the routine so that the children would not feel even more changes. The children showed more signs of mourning, e. g. increased need for attention, behavioural changes, sleeping disturbances and regressive feeding behaviour. Cooperation with the other parent was good in all cases, but in one, where it began only a few months after the event, since the mother was not ready to talk about it before. All four interviewees are ready to talk about death with children, but mostly on spontaneous occasions.

• Keywords: death of a parent