Vloga sodniškega odločanja v modernih common law sistemih

Pokorn, Andraž (author), Novak, Aleš (mentor)

Common law pravni sistemi so, poleg evropskih kontinentalnih pravnih sistemov, eden izmed dveh glavnih tipov pravnih sistemov v svetu. Common law pravni sistemi temeljijo na angleškem common law, ki se je skozi stoletja razvil v Angliji in kasneje v angleških kolonijah. Ena izmed glavnih značilnosti common law pravnih sistemov je specifična vloga sodniškega odločanja. Sodniki v common law pravnih sistemih, poleg tega da odločajo v konkretnih zadevah, sprejemajo tudi precedenčne odločitve, katerih vsebina predstavlja tudi pravno pravilo, ki ga morajo sodniki skupaj s postavljenim pravom upoštevati tudi v prihodnjih sodnih postopkih. Na sodniško odločanje pa vpliva tudi velik pomen, ki ga common law pravni sistemi dajejo vlogi laičnega sodnega odločanja. Tako sojenja pogosto vodijo sodniki laiki, kadar ti niso prisotni, pa laičnost zagotavlja porota, ki predstavlja eno izmed najbolj prepoznavnih lastnosti common law pravnih sistemov. Na sodniško odločanje v modernih common law sistemih v velik meri vplivajo tudi medsebojni stiki različnih pravnih kultur in pravnih sistemov, zaradi česar v določenih pogledih prihaja do zbliževanja med kontinentalnimi pravnimi sistemi in common law pravnimi sistemi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Common law, sodnik, sodniško odločanje, pravo, pravni sistemi, precedens, sojenje.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111721
• COBISS.SI-ID: 17037649
• Publication date in RUL: 11.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Role of Judicial Decision-Making in Modern Common Law Legal Systems

Abstract

Besides European continental legal systems, common law legal systems represent one of the two major global legal systems. Common law legal systems are based on English common law, which developed in England and later on in the English colonies. One of the major distinguishing features of common law legal systems is the specific role of judicial decision-making. Besides issuing judgements in specific cases, judges in common law legal systems also issue precedential decisions, which form binding legal rules, which have to be followed in future cases along with statutory law. Judicial decision-making in common law system is also heavily influenced by the role of decisions made by laypersons. Cases are often decided by lay judges, and when they are not present, their role is filled by a jury, which represents one of the most recognizable features of the common law legal systems. Judicial decision-making in common law system is also heavily influenced by the mixing of different legal cultures and legal systems, due to which the common law legal systems and European continental legal systems are being drawn closer together and are increasingly similar.

• Keywords: Common Law, judge, judicial decision-making, law, legal systems, precedent, trial.