Obdobje Balduina II. v Sveti deželi

Bezjak, Aljaž (author), Mlinar, Janez (mentor)

Pot, ki je iz zahoda vodila v Sveto deželo, je do sredine 11. stoletja potekala skozi krščanske dežele, zato je Sveta dežela že zelo zgodaj za zahodne kristjane postala priljubljena romarska točka. Ker je v Levantu na romarje prežalo veliko nevarnosti, so se začele na zahodu pojavljati tendence in možne alternative, ki bi zaščitile romarje pred skrajnimi muslimanskimi plemeni, ki so se med seboj spopadala za prevlado v Mali Aziji, na Bližnjem vzhodu, v Mezopotamiji in vzhodu na splošno. Papež Urban II., ki je dobro poznal aktualne razmere, je vedel, da bo vojna z muslimani dosegla velik odziv med viteštvom, saj je že dolga leta na Iberskem polotoku potekal boj med južno-francoskimi in španskimi plemiči ter muslimani. Seznanjen je bil tudi z njihovim idealom, ki so ga predstavljali boj za cerkev, vero in osvoboditev Jeruzalema. Klicu se je odzvalo normansko, lotarinško in južno-francosko plemstvo; odzvalo se je tudi veliko posameznikov, predvsem zaradi novih prigod in v upanju po bogatem zaslužku. To je povzročilo, da je med leti 1096 in 1099 prišlo do prve križarske vojne, katere jedro je predstavljalo visoko plemstvo, njihovo viteštvo in preprosto prebivalstvo Lotaringije. Križarje so vodili Godfrej Boulonjski, njegov brat Balduin Flandrijski, Bohemond Tarantanski s sorodnikoma Tankredom in Robertom iz Normandije ter Rajmondom Touluškim. Na Bližnjem vzhodu so tako zažele nastajati prve križarske države, ki so prispevale delček mozaika, ki še danes predstavlja jedro spora dveh velikih religij (krščanstvo in islam). Med križarji se je znašel tudi bratranec Godfreja Boulonjskega in Balduina Flandrijskega, Balduin Bourški, kasnejši jeruzalemski kralj Balduin II., katerega obdobje je podrobneje predstavljeno v tej diplomski nalogi vse do padca Edese v letu 1144.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Bližnji vzhod, križarska vojna, križarske države, muslimani, kristjani, jeruzalemski kralj Balduin II., padec Edese.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111324
• Publication date in RUL: 28.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Period of Baldwin II. in the Holy Land

Abstract

The path from the West to the Holy Land lead through the Christian lands until the middle of the 11th century. Therefore, the Holy land became a very popular destination of pilgrimage for Western Christians very early. Because there were many perils for Western Christians in the Levant, some tendencies and possible alternatives emerged in the West how to protect the pilgrims against radical Muslim tribes who fought each other for the supremacy in Asia Minor, in the Middle East, in Mesopotamia, and in the East in general. The Pope Urban II., who knew the current situation well, knew that the war with Muslims will trigger a great response among knights because the struggle between South-French and Spanish nobility and Muslims on the Iberian Peninsula had lasted for years. He was also acquainted with their ideal, represented by the struggle for the Church, Faith and the liberation of Jerusalem. Norman, Lotharingian, and South-French nobility responded to the call. A lot of individuals also responded to the call, mostly because of new adventures and in the hope of rich earnings. This caused that between 1096 and 1099 the First Crusade took place whose core were high nobility, their chivalry, and the simple population of Lotharingia. The Crusaders were led by Godfrey of Bouillon, his brother Baldwin of Flanders, Bohemond of Taranto with the relatives Tancred and Robert of Normandy and Raymond of Toulouse. Thus, the first crusader states emerged in the Middle East, which contributed a part of the puzzle which represents the core of a conflict between the two great religions (Christianity and Islam). Among the crusaders, there was also a cousin Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Flanders, Baldwin of Bourg, later the Jerusalem king Baldwin II., whose period is presented in more detail in this bachelor’s thesis, all the way to the fall of Edessa in the year of 1144.

• Keywords: The Middle East, crusade, crusader states, Muslims, Christians, Baldwin II of Jerusalem king, fall of Edessa.