Naravoslovni poskusi v 1. starostnem obdobju v vrtcu

Medja, Tamara (avtor), Čepič, Mojca (mentor), Gostinčar Blagotinšek, Ana (komentor)

Predšolska vzgoja v Sloveniji se deli na prvo in drugo starostno obdobje. V prvo starostno obdobje so vključeni otroci od enajstih mesecev pa do treh let, drugo starostno obdobje pa obiskujejo otroci od tretjega do šestega, v določenih primerih tudi do sedmega leta starosti. Narava je eno izmed šestih področij dejavnosti, ki so navedena v Kurikulumu za vrtce (1999). Tu lahko najdemo dejavnosti, ki vključujejo področja, kot so kemija, fizika in biologija, tudi za otroke, stare od enega do treh let. Naloga strokovnih delavk in delavcev v prvi starostni skupini v vrtcu je, da otrokom približajo različne naravoslovne vsebine že prvo leto v ustanovi. Ob tem je potrebno vse skupaj poenostaviti in narediti zanimivo glede na starost in razvojno stopnjo otrok, vse bolj pa se poudarja tudi pomen aktivnosti otrok v smislu eksperimentiranja in raziskovanja. Pri tem moramo biti pozorni predvsem na krajše obdobje motivacije pri otrocih ter zanimivost izvedenih poskusov, s katerimi spodbudimo zanimanje otrok. Pojavlja se vprašanje, ali je mogoče vključiti fizikalne, kemijske in biološke vsebine v načrtovane dejavnosti v prvem starostnem obdobju v vrtcu. Je sploh mogoče, da bi z enoletniki izvajali naravoslovni poskus? Naravoslovne vede se ukvarjajo z razlago sveta in skorajda ni pojava, v katerem ne bi mogli najti tudi naravoslovnih vsebin, a nekatera dejstva otrokom približamo lažje, druga težje. S tem, ko strokovni delavec otroke vključuje v naravoslovne dejavnosti, pri katerih so otroci aktivni, se močno spremeni tradicionalna vloga vzgojitelja. Delo v vrtcu je prilagodljivo, prav tako naravoslovne dejavnosti, ki jih lahko vključimo tudi v prvo starostno obdobje. Vzgojitelj s skrbno načrtovanim postopkom dela, ki upošteva tudi razvojno stopnjo otrok, lahko pripravi dejavnost, ki bo otroke motivirala za delo in vključevanje v dejavnost. V takšnih primerih gre za to, da vzgojitelj ne le podaja znanje, temveč otroka vključi v dejavnost tako, da skupaj iščeta rešitev nastalega problema. Otrokom dovoli, da delajo napake in kasneje s pomočjo poskusa ugotovijo, kakšen je dejanski rezultat.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: naravoslovje
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111115
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12601929
• Datum objave v RUL: 25.09.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Science experiments in the first age group in kindergarten

Izvleček

Preschool education in Slovenia is divided into first and second age groups. The first age group includes children from eleven months till three years, and the second age group is for children between three and six (in some cases seven) years. Science is one of the six areas of activity referred to in the Curriculum for Kindergartens (1999). It contains activities which include Chemistry, Physics and Biology, also for children aged between one and three years. The task of educators in the first age group in the kindergarten is to introduce Science topics to the children during their first year at the facility. They have to simplify everything and make it interesting taking into account the age and developmental stage of the children. Children’s activity in the sense of experimenting and researching is becoming more and more important. At the same time we must keep in mind the shorter motivation span of the children, and attractiveness of the experiments to encourage the interest of the children. The question arises whether it is possible to include Physics, Chemistry and Biology into the planned activities for the first age group in the kindergarten. Is it possible to perform Science experiments with one-year olds? Science deals with explaining the world and there is almost no phenomenon that does not include at least some part of Science, though some facts are easier to explain to children, while some are more difficult. By including children into Science activities where they are actively taking part, the traditional role of the kindergarten teacher changes a lot. Work in kindergarten is flexible, and so are Science activities which can be included into the first age group. By carefully planning the activities which take into account the developmental stage of the children the kindergarten teacher can prepare activities which will motivate the children to participate and cooperate. In these cases the teacher is not only teaching children, but including them into the process and they look for solutions together. The children are allowed to make mistakes and later, with experiments, they find out the actual result.

• Ključne besede: natural science