Model kineziološkega pregleda plavalca za zmanjševanje poškodb : magistrsko delo

Kramaršič, Jaka (author), Kapus, Jernej (mentor)

Plavanje je zelo priljubljen šport, zaradi specifičnih lastnosti vode, ki dobro denejo vsem starostnim skupinam ne glede na njihove omejitve. V tekmovalnem plavanju prihaja, zaradi vsakodnevnih ponavljajočih gibov, do velikega števila poškodb. Rama, koleno in spodnji del hrbta so najbolj obremenjeni deli telesa, zato so poškodbe na teh mestih pojavljajo najpogosteje. Namen magistrske naloge je, da s pomočjo pregleda literature, sestavimo model kineziološkega, pregleda plavalca za zmanjševanje poškodb. Namenjen je predvsem tekmovalcem, vrhunskim plavalcem, katerih vadba je bistveno obsežnejša in bolj intenzivna kot vadba rekreativnih plavalcev. Iz pregledala literature smo ugotovili, da se pri plavanju pojavljajo večinoma kronične poškodbe. Nestabilnost, slap lezija, utesnitveni sindromi in glenohumeralni notranji rotacijski primanjkljaj so najpogostejše poškodbe ramena. Poškodbe zunanje stranske vezi in medialno kolateralne vezi so najbolj tipične poškodbe kolena. Degeneracija medvretenčinh ploščic ter hernija diska pa so najpogostejše poškodbe spodnjega dela hrbta. Pregled je sestavljen iz treh delov. V prvem delu plavalec reši vprašalnik, s pomočjo katerega dobi kineziolog podatke o njegovem zdravstvenem stanju ter preteklih poškodbah. V drugem delu kineziolog opravi oceno drže, ter plavalcu poda povratne informacije. O morebitni nepravilni drži, mu kineziolog svetuje z ustrezno vadbo (krepitev in raztezanje posameznih mišičnih skupin) ali pa mu svetuje obisk pri zdravniku (hujše nepravilnosti pri drži). V tretjem delu kineziolog opravi testiranje aktivnega obsega gibanja posameznih delov telesa (ramena, hrbtenice in kolena). Če plavalec doseže manjše vrednosti aktivnega obsega gibanja od priporočenih ter pri tem ni prisotna bolečina, mu kineziolog svetuje, da pri njem nadaljuje s korekcijsko vadbo. Ob prisotnih bolečinah pa mu svetuje obisk zdravnika.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Plavanje, poškodbe, kineziološki model, preobremenitev
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111017
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5595825
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Kinesiological examination model for preventing injuries of swimmers

Abstract

Swimming is a very popular sport, due to the specific characteristics of water that aid to a better physical condition of people of all age groups, despite their limitations. Competitive swimming creates many injuries, due to the repetitive moves of swimmers. The parts of the body which are most prone to injuries are shoulders, knees and the lower-back, therefore, these parts succumb to injuries more often. The aim of this master thesis is to construct a kinesiological examination model, in order to decrease swimmer’s injuries. The model is intended to help competitive, topmost swimmers, since their training is utterly extensive and more intensive then the one of recreational swimmers. The conclusions we draw after a literature review show that in swimming, chronical injuries are an often occurrence. Instability, slap lesion, tightness and glenohumeral inner rotation deficit are the most common shoulder injuries. Outer collateral ligament and medial collateral ligament injuries are the most common knee lesions. Degeneration of intervertebral discs and discus hernia are the most common lower-back injuries. The model review consists of three parts. In the first part, the swimmer fills in a questionnaire to provide the kinesiologist with the information about his health condition and former injuries. In the second part the kinesiologist conducts an evaluation of the swimmer’s posture and shares the results with him. In case of incorrect posture, the kinesiologist provides the swimmer with appropriate exercises for strengthening and stretching specific muscle groups, or he instructs a doctor consultation (in case of serious posture incorrectness). In the third part, the kinesiologist tests active range of motion for each body part (shoulders, back and knees). If the swimmer does not achieve the recommended active range of motion and feels no pain while trying to achieve the recommended range, the kinesiologist advises a continuation of corrective exercises. If the pain is present, the swimmer is instructed to consult a doctor.

• Keywords: swimming, injuries, kinesiological model, overload