Analiza sestave eteričnega olja in hidrolata rmana (Achillea sp.) z različnih rastišč po Sloveniji in Obsotelju

Očko, Dejan (author), Kočevar Glavač, Nina (mentor)

V magistrski nalogi smo proučevali sestavo eteričnega olja in hidrolata rmana (Achillea sp.) z metodo plinske kromatografije, sklopljene z masno spektroskopijo (GC-MS). Ugotavljali smo tudi vpliv barve cvetov (bela oz. rožnata), nadmorske višine, količine padavin in svežine cvetov (sveži ali posušeni) na sestavo eteričnega olja in hidrolata. Rastlinska droga, ki smo jo uporabili za pridobivanje eteričnega olja in hidrolata, so bili cvetovi rmana (Millefolii flos), ki smo jih nabrali na različnih rastiščih po Sloveniji in Obsotelju, kjer je v polmeru 250 m rman cvetel z rožnatimi in belimi cvetovi. Za pridobivanje eteričnega olja smo uporabili prilagojen farmakopejski predpis (Ph. Eur.) z uporabo Clevengerjeve aparature, hidrolat pa smo pridobili s pomočjo metode klasične destilacije. Vsebnost eteričnega olja je znašala 0,26 do 1,56 mL/kg v sveži rastlinski drogi bele barve in 0,80 do 1,61 mL/kg v sveži rastlinski drogi rožnate barve. V posameznih vzorcih eteričnega olja smo identificirali od 11 do 159 spojin, skupno pa smo identificirali in ovrednotili okoli 320 različnih spojin. Pogosteje, tako z vidika večje vsebnosti kot tudi z vidika pojavnosti spojin, se v vzorcih pojavljajo: monoterpeni (sabinen, ß-pinen, ?-terpinen, ?-tujon, ß-tujon), monoterpenoidi (evkaliptol, kafra, trans-krizantemol, terpinen-4-ol, lavandulilacetat, borneol, izoborneol, bornilacetat, artemisia keton), seskviterpeni (?-humulen, (Z)-kariofilen, (E)-kariofilen, germakren D, ?-kadinen, ?-kopaen, ?-murolen) in seskviterpenoidi (kariofilen oksid, hamazulen, kopaborneol, ?-bisabolon oksid A, gvajol, kadin-4-en-10-ol). V vzorcih hidrolata smo identificirali 16 do 26 spojin, število spojin pa se je v zaporednih frakcijah hidrolata cvetov z istega rastišča zmanjševalo – največ je bilo evkaliptola, kafre, terpinen-4-ola in ?-terpineola. Glede na heterogenost kemijske sestave rastlinske droge in posledično eteričnega olja in hidrolata zaključujemo, da bi bilo za natančnejši vpliv posamezne spremenljivke (količina padavin, nadmorska višina, obarvanost in suhost cvetov) potrebno izvesti obsežnejše raziskave z več vzorci.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Rman, Achillea millefolium, eterično olje, hidrolat, sestava, GC-MS
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111004
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Composition analysis of yarrow (Achillea sp.) essential oil and hydrolate from various sites in Slovenia and Obsotelje region

Abstract

In the Master's thesis, qualitative and quantitative composition of yarrow (Achillea sp.) essential oil and hydrolate was analysed and evaluated using the method of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). We researched the impact of flower coloration (white or pink), elevation, annual precipitation and flower freshness (fresh or dried flowers) on composition of essential oil and hydrolate samples. Herbal drug used for essential oil and hydrolate production was yarrow flowers (Millefolii flos) that were collected on various sites in Slovenia and Obsotelje region, where in the radius of 250 m yarrow plants bloomed in white- and rose-colored flowers. For essential oil production the adjusted pharmacopoeial monograph (Ph. Eur.) with Clevenger apparatus was used. Hydrolate was produced using the method of classic destilation. Essential oil content was 0,26 to 1,56 mL/kg in fresh herbal drug of white coloration and 0,80 to 1,61 mL/kg in fresh herbal drug of rose coloration. In individual essential oil samples, 11 to 159 compounds were identified. In total 320 different compounds were identified and evaluated. The following compounds most frequently appeared in higher contents: monoterpenes (sabinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, α-thujone, β-thujone), monoterpenoides (eucalyptol, camphor, trans-chysanthemol, terpinene-4-ol, lavandulyl acetate, borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate, artemisia ketone), sesquiterpenes (α-humulene, (Z)-caryophyllene, (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, γ-muurolene) and sesquiterpenoides (caryophyllene oxide, chamazulene, copaborneol, α-bisabolone oxide A, guaiol, cadin-4-en-10-ol). In the hydrolate samples 16 to 26 compounds were identified. The number of different compounds decreased in the consecutive hydrolate fractions from the same site. Compounds of eucalyptol, camphor, terpinene-4-ol and α-terpineol were mostly present. According to the heterogeneity of herbal drug chemical composition and consequently composition of essential oil and hydrolate it can be concluded, that for more precise impact of individual variable (precipitation quantity, elevation, coloration and freshness of the flowers) further research would be needed.

• Keywords: Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, essential oil, hydrolate, composition, GC-MS