Vpliv starosti in spola na največji inspiratorni, ekspiratorni in nosni inspiratorni tlak pri zdravih preiskovancih : diplomsko delo

Strajnar, Špela (avtor), Leonardis, Lea (mentor)

Uvod: Največji inspiratorni in ekspiratorni tlak sta pokazatelja zmogljivosti dihalnih mišic pri vdihu in izdihu ter stanja pljuč in dihalnih poti. Normalne vrednosti se razlikujejo glede na spol, starost in splošno stanje preiskovanca. Spremljanje dihalnih zmožnosti je možno z ne-invazivnim postopkom, kot je merjenje vitalne kapacitete največjega inspiratornega in ekspiratornega tlaka in največjega nosnega inspiratornega tlaka. Namen: Namen raziskave je bil testirati največji inspiratorni, ekspiratorni in nosni inspiratorni tlak pri zdravih preiskovancih, starih od 20 do 79 let, ter oceniti vpliv spola in starosti na te vrednosti. Metode dela: V raziskavo smo vključili 84 zdravih prostovoljcev, 42 moških in 42 žensk, starih od 20 do 79 let. Vzeli smo starostne skupine z razponom 10 let (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79). Znotraj posamezne starostne skupine smo testirali 14 preiskovancev, 7 moških in 7 žensk. Vrednosti smo primerjali glede na spol in starost. Rezultati: Podatki niso bili vedno normalno porazdeljeni, zato smo pri nadaljnji analizi uporabili statistiko za neparametrične podatke (mediana, percentili, Mann-Whitney t-test, korelacijski koeficient po Spearmanu). Z meritvami smo dokazali, da imajo moški statistično pomembno večje vrednosti največjega inspiratornega, ekspiratornega in nosnega inspiratornega tlaka kot pa ženske. S starostjo so se vrednosti največjega inspiratornega, ekspiratornega in nosnega inspiratornega tlaka statistično pomembno manjšale tako pri ženskah kot pri moških. Moški so imeli večje respiratorne vrednosti v primerjavi z ženskami tudi v posameznih starostnih skupinah, vendar te razlike niso bile vedno statistično pomembno različne. Prav tako se mediane posameznih starostnih skupin niso s starostjo vedno manjšale. Statistično pomembne razlike smo pri meritvah največjega inspiratornega tlaka med moškimi in ženskami dokazali v starostnih skupinah 20–29 let in 70–79 let, pri največjem ekspiratornem tlaku pri najstarejši starostni skupini (med 70 in 79) let in pri nosnem inspiratornem tlaku v skupini med 60 in 69 let ter 70 in 79 let. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati kažejo, da imajo moški večjo zmogljivost dihalnih mišic v primerjavi z ženskami in da z leti vrednosti največjega inspiratornega, ekspiratornega ter nosnega inspiratornega tlaka padajo. Zaradi majhnega števila preiskovancev se razlike v posamezni starostni skupini med spoloma niso vedno statistično pomembno razlikovale, prav tako mlajši preiskovanci niso imeli vedno višje vrednosti kot starejši. V raziskavo bi bilo potrebno vključiti več preiskovancev, poleg tega bi morali bili preiskovanci enakomerno zastopani tudi glede telesne pripravljenosti, kajenja, indeksa telesne mase in poklica, ki ga opravljajo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: največji ekspiratorni tlak, največji inspiratorni tlak, največji nosni inspiratorni tlak, spol, starost, testiranje dihalnih mišic
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110988
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5694571
• Datum objave v RUL: 21.09.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The influence of age and sex on maximal inspiratory, expiratory and nasal inspiratory pressure in healthy subjects : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: The maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure are indicators of muscle performance while inhaling and exhaling, and of the condition of the lungs and airways. The normal values differ with regard to gender, age and the overall medical condition of the test subject. Respiratory capacity can be monitored with non-invasive procedures, such as measuring the vital capacity, the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, and the maximal nasal inspiratory pressure. Purpose: The purpose of the research was to test the maximal inspiratory pressure, the maximal expiratory pressure, and the nasal inspiratory pressure in healthy test subjects between the ages of 20 and 79, and to assess the impact of gender and age on these values. Methods: The survey encompassed 84 healthy volunteers, i.e. 42 men and 42 women, between the ages of 20 and 79. They were sorted into age groups with a 10-year age span (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79). Within an individual age group, 14 test subjects (7 men and 7 women) were tested. Results: The data were not always distributed normally, which is why subsequent analyses employed nonparametric data statistics (median, percentile, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient). The measurements have proved that men have statistically significantly higher values of the maximal inspiratory pressure, the maximal expiratory pressure, and the nasal inspiratory pressure compared to women. With age, the values of the maximal inspiratory, expiratory and nasal inspiratory pressure statistically significantly decreased in women and men alike. The men had higher respiratory values compared to women also in individual age groups, but those differences were not always statistically significantly different. Moreover, the medians of individual age groups did not always decrease with age. The measurements have proved that there are statistically significant differences in the maximal inspiratory pressure between men and women in the 20–29 and 70–79 let age groups, in the maximal expiratory pressure in the oldest age group (between 70 and 79), and in the nasal inspiratory pressure in the age group between 60 and 69 and between 70 and 79. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that men have stronger respiratory muscles than women and that with age the values of the maximal inspiratory pressure, the maximal expiratory pressure, and the nasal inspiratory pressure decrease. Due to the small number of test subjects, the differences between genders in individual age groups were not always statistically significantly different; moreover, the test subjects in the younger age groups did not always achieve higher values than those in the older groups. The survey should be expanded to include more test subjects who would be evenly represented also with regard to their overall physical activity, smoking, and occupation.

• Ključne besede: maximal expiratory pressure, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal nasal inspiratory pressure, gender, age, respiratory muscle tests