Indigenous communities settled in Canada at least 10,000 years ago and formed their own social, economic, cultural and political practices before the first European immigrants arrived. The purpose of the diploma paper is to present selected Indigenous communities in Canada, to explain the pattern of settlement and to identify their position in today's Canadian society. The natural environment has had a profound effect on the social organization, economic power, and culture of Indigenous communities. Six cultural regions were formed. The situation of indigenous peoples has deteriorated sharply with the arrival of European invaders. It began to improve in the second half of the 20th century, when pressures on power began to exert. The socioeconomic status of Indigenous communities is still lower than the rest of Canada's population. The biggest differences are noticeable in the areas of health, education and living conditions.
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