Vpliv dolgotrajnega ležanja na spremembe v porazdelitvi pritiskov na stopalih med hojo pri zdravih preiskovancih : diplomsko delo

Žerjal, Aleš (author), Jakovljević, Miroljub (mentor), Lilić, Alen (comentor)

Uvod: Dolgotrajno mirovanje v ležečem položaju pomeni daljše obdobje ležanja zaradi izboljšanja ali preprečevanja poslabšanja zdravstvenega stanja zaradi akutnih ter kroničnih poškodb ali bolezni. Raziskave so pokazale, da je telesna nedejavnost škodljiva in da zgodnja oskrba ter vadba lahko preprečita veliko zapletov zaradi neuporabe. Namen: Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti vpliv dolgotrajnega mirovanja v ležečem položaju pri zdravih preiskovancih skozi 35-dnevni režim in vpliv, ki ga ima na hojo. Natančneje smo obravnavali porazdelitve pritiskov na stopalih med hojo ter parametre, povezane s hojo. Metode dela: V raziskavo o dolgotrajnem mirovanju v ležečem položaju je bilo vključenih devet zdravih preiskovancev. Protokol je trajal 35 dni. V tem času preiskovanci niso smeli izvajati kakršnihkoli telesnih aktivnosti. Pedobarografske meritve so bile ponovljene za vsakega preiskovanca štirikrat, in sicer prvi dan raziskave, drugič na zadnji dan pasivenga dela protokola, tretjič dva dni po koncu protokola in četrtič, zadnjič pa približno mesec dni po koncu obravnave. Rezultati: Čeprav so se pri nekaterih parametrih vrednosti med in po raziskavi dovolj spreminjale, da bi opazili trend, smo samo pri enem parametru zasledili statistično pomembno (p<0,05) razliko, in sicer pri površini stične ploskve sprednjega dela (levega) stopala. Parametri, ki so se med raziskavo povišali, so maksimalni in povprečni pritisk ter delež obremenitve zadnjega dela stopala. Parametri, ki so se znižali pa površina stične ploskve celih stopal, površina sprednjega in zadnjega dela stopal ter delež obremenitve sprednjega dela stopal. Razprava in zaključek: Naše ugotovitve se predvsem ujemajo z objavljeno literaturo o pritiskih na stopalih (ter posledično površini stične ploskve stopal ter deležu obremenitve). Razliko med objavljenimi raziskavami in našo smo opazili pri parametrih hoje. Tukaj je bila odsotnost sprememb največja razlika. Še posebaj smo imeli težave s parametri, ki so v splošnem manj analizirani. Z našimi ugotovitvami smo bolj podrobno opisali spremembe, ki se dogajajo med hojo kot posledica mirovanja. Naše delo služi kot podlaga za nadaljnje fizioterapevtske raziskave na tem področju, v katerem je še veliko prostora za izboljšave in dodatna raziskovanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: dolgotrajno mirovanje v ležečem položaju, pedobarografija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110610
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5690219
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effects of bedrest on changes in foot pressure during gait in healthy individuals : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Bed rest means a prolonged period of laying down, with the intent of improving or preventing the deterioration of a medical condition from a chronic or acute injury or illness. Studies show that inactivity has adverse effects on the body and early care along with exercise may prevent many complications stemming from inactivity and age. Purpose: With this research we wanted to find out the effect bed rest has on healthy individuals through a 35 day regime and the consequences that it has on the musculoskeletal system. More accurately, we looked at the pressure distribution on the soles of the feet during gait and gait parameters. Methods: Ten healthy individuals were included in the research. The protocol lasted 35 days in which the participants were prohibited from performing any physical activity. The measurements were repeated four times for every individual, the first time on the beginning day of the regime, the second time on the last day of bed rest, the third time two days after the regime ended and the last time approximately a month after the end of the regime. Results: Even though we observed several changes in different parameters during and after the protocol, in only one case we could notice a statistically significant change (p<0,05). That happened with the sole surface of the front side of the left foot. Parameters which increased during the research: maximum and average pressure of the foot, load share of the back side of the foot. Parameters which decreased during the research: sole surface of the entire foot, sole surface of the front and back side of the foot and the load share of the front side of the foot. Discussion and conclusion: Our findings are mostly the same as already published literature regarding plantar pressures (and subsequently the surface area and load distribution). The difference between published literature and ours is in the parameters of gait. Here, a lack of change throughout was the biggest difference. With our findings we more accurately described the changes during gait, as a consequence of bed rest. Our work serves as a base for further research regarding this topic, with much room for improvements and additional research.

• Keywords: bed rest, pedobarography