Načrtovanje in izdelava proteze kot učni pripomoček za razumevanje hoje : diplomsko delo

Ropas, Špela (avtor), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor)

Uvod: Amputacija predstavlja travmatično izkušnjo v posameznikovem življenju, ki vpliva tako na njegovo fizično kot tudi na čustveno stanje. Zgodnja aplikacija proteze ter trening hoje predstavljata glavna elementa rehabilitacije po amputaciji, katerih glavni cilj je, da posameznik doseže funkcionalno stanje, ki je čimbolj podobno tistemu pred amputacijo. Odstopanja pri hoji s protezo vplivajo na fizično in funkcionalno stanje pacienta, saj povzročajo neprimerne in neenakomerne porazdelitve sil na krn, ter posledično povzročajo večjo obremenitev zdravega uda ter močno povečano porabo energije pri hoji. Namen: Pregled literature s področja amputacij, protetičnih komponent ter hoje pred in po amputaciji ter izdelava prilagojene proteze, ki bo služila kot učilo za študente Ortotike in protetike. Metode dela: Uporabili deskriptivno metodo, pri čemer smo opravili pregled obstoječe literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo od februarja do aprila 2019 po podatkovnih bazah COBISS, Google Učenjak, Pubmed in Science Direct. Poleg deskriptivne metode smo v praktičnem delu diplome uporabili še metodo eksperimenta, kjer smo izdelali učno protezo ter predstavili proces izdelave. Rezultati: Izdelali smo učno protezo s prilagojenim ležiščem, ki je primerno za različne uporabnike. Pri izdelavi smo se opirali na tradicionalne postopke obdelave, ki pa smo jih zaradi velikosti in dimenzij oblikovanega ležišča nekoliko priredili, da je bila izdelava proteze sploh mogoča. Razprava in zaključek: Končna proteza ima mnogo prednosti kot tudi slabosti, le-te pa se odražajo v njenem oblikovanju in samem procesu izdelave. Med izdelavo smo naleteli na številne izzive in napake, zaradi katerih je bilo potrebno določene postopke v procesu tudi ponoviti. Cilj, ki smo si ga zastavili smo dosegli, vendar pa smo mnenja, da ima končni izdelek še mnogo možnosti za nadaljnje nadgradnje v njegovem oblikovanju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: učna proteza, izdelava, hoja, biomehanika hoje, uravnava, nepravilnosti pri hoji, protetične komponente
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110417
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5685099
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.09.2019

ROPAS, Špela, 2019, Načrtovanje in izdelava proteze kot učni pripomoček za razumevanje hoje : diplomsko delo [na spletu]. Diplomsko delo. [Dostopano 10 april 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=110417

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Design and construction of a prosthesis as a learning aid for understanding gait : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Amputation presents a traumatic experience in a person’s life and it leaves the individual with physical as well as emotional consequences. Early prosthetic intervention and gait re-education present two main elements of rehabilitation after amputation, with the goal of enabling the individual to achieve a state of mobility similar to that which one had before the amputation. Gait deviations influence the individual's physical and functional state by causing improper and uneven forces on the stump and consequently causing strain on the sound limb and increasing energy expenditure. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is a review of literature in the field of amputation, prosthetic components and pre- and post-amputation gait and the fabrication of a learning prosthesis for students. Methods: A descriptive method was used to find suitable sources. The search for literature was conducted from February to April 2019 through the following databases COBISS, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct. Besides the descriptive method, we also used an experimental method where we fabricated a prosthesis to serve as a learning aid and described the manufacturing process. Results: We fabricated a learning prosthesis with a custom-made socket, which accommodates different users. During the manufacturing process, we were relying on traditional processing methods, which we had to alter a bit due to the different size and dimensions of the custom socket. Discussion and conclusion: The finished prosthesis has many advantages as well as many disadvantages, which reflect in its design and the manufacturing process. There were numerous challenges and errors during the process, which required repeating some of the processes. The goal, which we set, was achieved, although the prevailing opinion is, that the final product still has numerous options for improvement and upgrade in its design.

• Ključne besede: learning prosthesis, design, gait, biomechanics, alignment, gait deviations, prosthetic components